Homework:
Quiz Thursday 1/19
What’s the difference between political parties and interest groups? Parties focus on getting candidates elected, interest groups focus on issues
What do interest groups do? 1. Educate voters & office holders, 2. draft legislation, 3. pressure lawmakers, 4. provide expertise on policy
Interest groups hire these professionals to influence policy on their behalf? Lobbyists
What is the "revolving door" of Washington? Policy makers such as members of Congress & White House advisers become lobbyists
These are groups of organized workers? Unions
This interest group has fought for women’s issues? NOW
Name an interest group that was influential in the Civil Rights movement for African Americans? NAACP, Urban League,
Over the past few decades there has been a rapid rise in these types of interest groups? Environmental
This is the name given to institutions that connect voters with the government? Linkage institutions
What three institutions make up these groups? Political parties, mass media, interest groups
This is the name given to interest groups, bureaucrats, and congressional committees that work together on policy and laws? Iron triangles
Because of the rise in number and influence of interest groups this is the name given to large numbers of officials and interests that come together to address policy? Issue networks
What are some different types of interest groups? Business/labor, public interest, single issue, equality,
Which type of interest group usually has the most resources?
What are some problems for non-economic interest groups? Inequality of resources $, unequal access to decision makers, free-riders
Who is a free rider? Someone who benefits from interest groups but doesn't contribute
What are tactics of interest groups? Lobbying, litigation, mobilizing public support
Lobbyists try to influence? Policy makers – legislators, bureaucrats, the White House, & courts
When different interest groups combine it is known as? coalition lobbying
What benefits do lobbyists provide for Congress? Draft memos / bills, provide expertise
What’s the difference between political parties and interest groups? Parties focus on getting candidates elected, interest groups focus on issues
What do interest groups do? 1. Educate voters & office holders, 2. draft legislation, 3. pressure lawmakers, 4. provide expertise on policy
Interest groups hire these professionals to influence policy on their behalf? Lobbyists
What is the "revolving door" of Washington? Policy makers such as members of Congress & White House advisers become lobbyists
These are groups of organized workers? Unions
This interest group has fought for women’s issues? NOW
Name an interest group that was influential in the Civil Rights movement for African Americans? NAACP, Urban League,
Over the past few decades there has been a rapid rise in these types of interest groups? Environmental
This is the name given to institutions that connect voters with the government? Linkage institutions
What three institutions make up these groups? Political parties, mass media, interest groups
This is the name given to interest groups, bureaucrats, and congressional committees that work together on policy and laws? Iron triangles
Because of the rise in number and influence of interest groups this is the name given to large numbers of officials and interests that come together to address policy? Issue networks
What are some different types of interest groups? Business/labor, public interest, single issue, equality,
Which type of interest group usually has the most resources?
What are some problems for non-economic interest groups? Inequality of resources $, unequal access to decision makers, free-riders
Who is a free rider? Someone who benefits from interest groups but doesn't contribute
What are tactics of interest groups? Lobbying, litigation, mobilizing public support
Lobbyists try to influence? Policy makers – legislators, bureaucrats, the White House, & courts
When different interest groups combine it is known as? coalition lobbying
What benefits do lobbyists provide for Congress? Draft memos / bills, provide expertise
Quiz Thursday 1/12:
What 3 institutions make up “linkage groups?” a. political parties, b. interest groups, c. the media
What word is used to describe the voting public? The electorate
In what two areas do political parties operate? Among the voters & in Congress
What do parties do?
1. Mobilize voters
2. Nominate candidates
3. Run campaigns
4. Raise funds
What are party platforms? outline of where the party stands on issues released every presidential convention
Why does America, unlike many European nations, have a two-party system?
1. "Winner takes all" system
2. Single member districts
What is a “single member” district system? Every member of Congress represents a district or state
What is the "winner-takes all" concept? Whatever presidential or congressional candidate wins the majority of a regions votes takes all of the electoral votes
Where do most Americans fit on the political spectrum? in the moderate middle
What impact do 3rd parties have?
What are two major issues that caused realignment: The Great Depression & Civil Rights Movement
What are Libertarians known for? Minimal governmental intervention
What is Keynesian Economics? During recessions governmental spending should increase
What is “supply-side” economics? Lower taxes & business regulations lead to economic growth
What are some nicknames for supply-side economics? “Trickle-down” or “Reaganomics”
What 3 institutions make up “linkage groups?” a. political parties, b. interest groups, c. the media
What word is used to describe the voting public? The electorate
In what two areas do political parties operate? Among the voters & in Congress
What do parties do?
1. Mobilize voters
2. Nominate candidates
3. Run campaigns
4. Raise funds
What are party platforms? outline of where the party stands on issues released every presidential convention
Why does America, unlike many European nations, have a two-party system?
1. "Winner takes all" system
2. Single member districts
What is a “single member” district system? Every member of Congress represents a district or state
What is the "winner-takes all" concept? Whatever presidential or congressional candidate wins the majority of a regions votes takes all of the electoral votes
Where do most Americans fit on the political spectrum? in the moderate middle
What impact do 3rd parties have?
- The two parties often embrace their ideas
- Spoiler effect - they can take away votes from the major candida
What is it called when a major portion of party members flock to the other party? Political realignment
What are two major issues that caused realignment: The Great Depression & Civil Rights Movement
What are Libertarians known for? Minimal governmental intervention
What is Keynesian Economics? During recessions governmental spending should increase
What is “supply-side” economics? Lower taxes & business regulations lead to economic growth
What are some nicknames for supply-side economics? “Trickle-down” or “Reaganomics”
Quiz Thursday 12/8
List the “four core American values” according to College Board:
Which political ideology tends to favor the concept of individualism more? Conservatives
What policies has the Federal government enacted to ensure “equality of opportunity:” Affirmative action and passage of the 14th Amendments Equal Protection clause
What economic system is “free enterprise” most closely associated with? Capitalism
Give some examples of governmental interference with U.S.’ free market beliefs: Minimum wage, environmental regulations, worker safety regulations
What are two examples of governmental policies to ensure the “limited government” core belief: Checks and balances & constitutionalism
What saying is most associated with the concept of “rule of law?” “Nobody is above the law”
Define "political socialization": the process of developing your political ideology. |
List the three biggest “primary sources” of political socialization? Family, church, school |
List three “secondary sources” of political socialization? Peers, media, public figures
Around what fraction of Americans identify with the two major parties? 2/3rds
How are people on the left of the political spectrum often labelled? Liberal
What phrase describes the consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy? political ideology
People who favor limited government and traditional values and lifestyles are often described politically as? Conservatives
Economic conservatives often value? Lower taxes & business regulations
How would you describe people who favor same-sex marriage, minority rights, and gun restrictions? Social liberal
Lower income Americans tend to be? Liberal
List the “four core American values” according to College Board:
- Individualism
- Equality of opportunity
- Free enterprise
- Limited government
- Rule of law
Which political ideology tends to favor the concept of individualism more? Conservatives
What policies has the Federal government enacted to ensure “equality of opportunity:” Affirmative action and passage of the 14th Amendments Equal Protection clause
What economic system is “free enterprise” most closely associated with? Capitalism
Give some examples of governmental interference with U.S.’ free market beliefs: Minimum wage, environmental regulations, worker safety regulations
What are two examples of governmental policies to ensure the “limited government” core belief: Checks and balances & constitutionalism
What saying is most associated with the concept of “rule of law?” “Nobody is above the law”
Define "political socialization": the process of developing your political ideology. |
List the three biggest “primary sources” of political socialization? Family, church, school |
List three “secondary sources” of political socialization? Peers, media, public figures
Around what fraction of Americans identify with the two major parties? 2/3rds
How are people on the left of the political spectrum often labelled? Liberal
What phrase describes the consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy? political ideology
People who favor limited government and traditional values and lifestyles are often described politically as? Conservatives
Economic conservatives often value? Lower taxes & business regulations
How would you describe people who favor same-sex marriage, minority rights, and gun restrictions? Social liberal
Lower income Americans tend to be? Liberal
Quiz Wednesday 11/30:
Quiz Political Ideologies Part I:
What are 2 core beliefs of today’s modern day “conservatives:”
What do fiscal conservatives usually favor? Lower income and corporate taxes
What do fiscal conservatives often argue are hurting U.S. industries? Too many bureaucratic regulations
How do liberals often feel about the role of government in the economy? That regulations and legislation are needed to avoid corporate abuse
What is the driving ideology of “libertarians?” Little to no governmental interference in all aspects of life
What is a wedge issue? One that voters feel very strongly about and one that can divide the voters
When we talk about “saliency” of political issues – what is it referring to? Importance to certain demographics
Give an example of saliency? Senior citizens concern about Social Security
How are monetary issues different from fiscal? Monetary is about how much money is in circulation which can impact inflation
Define “Keynesian” economics: the government should increase spending during economic downturns
When did Keynesian economics take off? During the Great Depression
Define “supply-side” economics: lowering taxes on wealthy individuals and corporations will create more jobs
What are some nicknames for supply side economics: “Trickle down” or Reaganomics
What are government subsidies? Money the government gives to certain industries to help them compete globally
What are the 3 jobs of the Federal Reserve:
Quiz Political Ideologies Part I:
What are 2 core beliefs of today’s modern day “conservatives:”
- Less governmental interference in the economy
- Traditional values
What do fiscal conservatives usually favor? Lower income and corporate taxes
What do fiscal conservatives often argue are hurting U.S. industries? Too many bureaucratic regulations
How do liberals often feel about the role of government in the economy? That regulations and legislation are needed to avoid corporate abuse
What is the driving ideology of “libertarians?” Little to no governmental interference in all aspects of life
What is a wedge issue? One that voters feel very strongly about and one that can divide the voters
When we talk about “saliency” of political issues – what is it referring to? Importance to certain demographics
Give an example of saliency? Senior citizens concern about Social Security
How are monetary issues different from fiscal? Monetary is about how much money is in circulation which can impact inflation
Define “Keynesian” economics: the government should increase spending during economic downturns
When did Keynesian economics take off? During the Great Depression
Define “supply-side” economics: lowering taxes on wealthy individuals and corporations will create more jobs
What are some nicknames for supply side economics: “Trickle down” or Reaganomics
What are government subsidies? Money the government gives to certain industries to help them compete globally
What are the 3 jobs of the Federal Reserve:
- Fight inflation
- Control money in circulation
- Set interest rates
Old Homework:
Quiz Tuesday November 1:
In what ways does the president control the bureaucracy?
1. Appoints cabinet members and administration officials
2. Can declare executive orders which they must implement
3. Can fire certain top officials
In the early republic bureaucratic positions were often appointed for political favors known as? Patronage or the "spoils system"
This act reformed the bureaucracy mandating appointments based on merit in 1883? The Pendleton Civil Servant Act
This act in 1939 prohibited direct involvement of civil servants in political campaigns? The Hatch Act |
This most recent reform act provided protection for employees to report government abuse. What is the name given to those employees? Whistleblowers |
What are the "executive departments?" 15 departments headed by cabinet members
List four executive departments:
1. Department of Education
2. Department of Defense
3. Department of State
4. Department of Justice
Who is the head of the Department of State and what is their main job? Secretary of State who advises the president on foreign affairs
Give an example of a "sub-agency" below an executive department? The IRS is part of the Department of Treasury or the TSA falls under the department of Homeland Security
This latest cabinet department was created after 9/11 and has far reaching powers? The Department of Homeland Security
Some departments have quasi lawmaking power by creating what are known as? Regulations |
Give two examples of departments with semi lawmaking powers? The EPA & The Federal Elections Commission |
What do we call agencies like the FEC? Independent regulatory agencies
Why might these powers be controversial? The agency heads were appointed and not elected and it can be seen as a violation of separation of powers |
Why is the power of heads of bureaucratic department and agency heads sometimes considered controversial? They were appointed not elected |
What power does Congress have over the bureaucracy?
1. The can impeach appointed department heads
2. The control the funding of bureaucratic agencies
3. They can create laws that must be implemented by the bureaucracy
4. The Senate must confirm presidential appointments |
What controversial power do bureaucrats have in regards to executive orders & laws? Bureaucratic discretion |
Explain this power? Bureaucrats have some leeway in how they will implement these laws or orders
Why are bureaucratic agencies & departments essential to the functioning of the massive federal government? Their employees provide expertise and efficiency in implementing policies
In what ways does the president control the bureaucracy?
1. Appoints cabinet members and administration officials
2. Can declare executive orders which they must implement
3. Can fire certain top officials
In the early republic bureaucratic positions were often appointed for political favors known as? Patronage or the "spoils system"
This act reformed the bureaucracy mandating appointments based on merit in 1883? The Pendleton Civil Servant Act
This act in 1939 prohibited direct involvement of civil servants in political campaigns? The Hatch Act |
This most recent reform act provided protection for employees to report government abuse. What is the name given to those employees? Whistleblowers |
What are the "executive departments?" 15 departments headed by cabinet members
List four executive departments:
1. Department of Education
2. Department of Defense
3. Department of State
4. Department of Justice
Who is the head of the Department of State and what is their main job? Secretary of State who advises the president on foreign affairs
Give an example of a "sub-agency" below an executive department? The IRS is part of the Department of Treasury or the TSA falls under the department of Homeland Security
This latest cabinet department was created after 9/11 and has far reaching powers? The Department of Homeland Security
Some departments have quasi lawmaking power by creating what are known as? Regulations |
Give two examples of departments with semi lawmaking powers? The EPA & The Federal Elections Commission |
What do we call agencies like the FEC? Independent regulatory agencies
Why might these powers be controversial? The agency heads were appointed and not elected and it can be seen as a violation of separation of powers |
Why is the power of heads of bureaucratic department and agency heads sometimes considered controversial? They were appointed not elected |
What power does Congress have over the bureaucracy?
1. The can impeach appointed department heads
2. The control the funding of bureaucratic agencies
3. They can create laws that must be implemented by the bureaucracy
4. The Senate must confirm presidential appointments |
What controversial power do bureaucrats have in regards to executive orders & laws? Bureaucratic discretion |
Explain this power? Bureaucrats have some leeway in how they will implement these laws or orders
Why are bureaucratic agencies & departments essential to the functioning of the massive federal government? Their employees provide expertise and efficiency in implementing policies
Thursday November 3rd:
What does the Constitution say about the Judicial branch?
1. Created a supreme court
2. Congress can create "inferior courts"
3. Federal judges have lifetime tenure
4. Judges can be impeached
Describe Federalist #78: Hamilton's essay about how the judiciary will be "politically insulated
In what ways is the Supreme Court immune from political pressure?
1. They are appointed not elected
2. They hold their jobs for life
3. They decide what cases they hear
What is a "dual court" system?" The US has Federal & State courts
What are the three levels of courts? Trial, Appeals and Supreme |
What is jurisdiction? The power or authority to hear a case |
What is an appeal? Asking a higher court to hear your case to determine if you had a fair trial |
What is "original jurisdiction?" The power to hear a case first
What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison? It gave The US Supreme & Federal Courts the power of judicial review
What is judicial review? The power to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional
True or false: judicial review is in the US Constitution? False
Supreme Court cases establish legal precedent. What is legal precedent? Establishing a rule or principle that will impact future court cases
Around how many cases are appealed to the US Supreme Court every year? 8,000
Around how many do they hear? 50 to 100
What is the "rule of four?" It takes four out of nine justices to decide to hear a case
What is a writ of certiorari? When SCOTUS announces they will hear case they order all of the evidence to review
What is a SCOTUS brief? An outline of the arguments from both sides explaining their arguments
What are amicus curiae briefs? Released by non-involved interest groups explaining why they Supreme Court should rule a certain way
What type of jurisdiction do almost all US Supreme Court cases have? Appellate
What is a typical Supreme Court case about? Constitutional rights |
What does the Constitution say about the Judicial branch?
1. Created a supreme court
2. Congress can create "inferior courts"
3. Federal judges have lifetime tenure
4. Judges can be impeached
Describe Federalist #78: Hamilton's essay about how the judiciary will be "politically insulated
In what ways is the Supreme Court immune from political pressure?
1. They are appointed not elected
2. They hold their jobs for life
3. They decide what cases they hear
What is a "dual court" system?" The US has Federal & State courts
What are the three levels of courts? Trial, Appeals and Supreme |
What is jurisdiction? The power or authority to hear a case |
What is an appeal? Asking a higher court to hear your case to determine if you had a fair trial |
What is "original jurisdiction?" The power to hear a case first
What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison? It gave The US Supreme & Federal Courts the power of judicial review
What is judicial review? The power to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional
True or false: judicial review is in the US Constitution? False
Supreme Court cases establish legal precedent. What is legal precedent? Establishing a rule or principle that will impact future court cases
Around how many cases are appealed to the US Supreme Court every year? 8,000
Around how many do they hear? 50 to 100
What is the "rule of four?" It takes four out of nine justices to decide to hear a case
What is a writ of certiorari? When SCOTUS announces they will hear case they order all of the evidence to review
What is a SCOTUS brief? An outline of the arguments from both sides explaining their arguments
What are amicus curiae briefs? Released by non-involved interest groups explaining why they Supreme Court should rule a certain way
What type of jurisdiction do almost all US Supreme Court cases have? Appellate
What is a typical Supreme Court case about? Constitutional rights |
Quiz Friday October 28:
Give two examples of Executive Orders: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation & FDR's internment of Japanese Americans during WWII
Define "executive agreement:" a treaty or agreement with another nation without Congressional approval
Define "bully pulpit:" the president goes directly to the people to put pressure on Congress to pass laws or policies he wants
What are signing statements? Presidential document released with the signing of a bill usually pointing out measures he disagrees with
What is controversial about these? The president might not execute measures he finds fault with
Why does the President often get more media attention than Congress? Because they are one person compared to a group of many
What percentage of Presidential vetoes are overridden? Less than 10%
What does a threat of a Presidential veto often force Congress to do? Rewrite a bill or back down from passing it
What is a "pocket veto"? When the president doesn't sign a bill in the last 10 days of a Congressional session
What is a "line-item" veto? When an executive can take out certain sections of a bill
Congress passed a line-item veto law that was struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional. Why did they consider it unconstitutional? It violated the principle of separation of powers
In what ways does the President function as Chief Diplomat or head of foreign policy? Appointing ambassadors, signing treaties, executive agreements, and receiving foreign dignitaries
What does the War Powers Act stipulate? The president has 60 days to use military force without Congressional approval
What Presidential appointments must be confirmed by the Senate? Judges, cabinet members, and ambassadors
What Presidential appointments do not have to be confirmed by the Senate? White House Staff and advisors
Why are judicial nominees so important? The have life tenure and often serve long after the president is out of office
Give two examples of Executive Orders: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation & FDR's internment of Japanese Americans during WWII
Define "executive agreement:" a treaty or agreement with another nation without Congressional approval
Define "bully pulpit:" the president goes directly to the people to put pressure on Congress to pass laws or policies he wants
What are signing statements? Presidential document released with the signing of a bill usually pointing out measures he disagrees with
What is controversial about these? The president might not execute measures he finds fault with
Why does the President often get more media attention than Congress? Because they are one person compared to a group of many
What percentage of Presidential vetoes are overridden? Less than 10%
What does a threat of a Presidential veto often force Congress to do? Rewrite a bill or back down from passing it
What is a "pocket veto"? When the president doesn't sign a bill in the last 10 days of a Congressional session
What is a "line-item" veto? When an executive can take out certain sections of a bill
Congress passed a line-item veto law that was struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional. Why did they consider it unconstitutional? It violated the principle of separation of powers
In what ways does the President function as Chief Diplomat or head of foreign policy? Appointing ambassadors, signing treaties, executive agreements, and receiving foreign dignitaries
What does the War Powers Act stipulate? The president has 60 days to use military force without Congressional approval
What Presidential appointments must be confirmed by the Senate? Judges, cabinet members, and ambassadors
What Presidential appointments do not have to be confirmed by the Senate? White House Staff and advisors
Why are judicial nominees so important? The have life tenure and often serve long after the president is out of office
Quiz Weds 10/12:
Define "standing committees:" permanent specialized committees where most of the work of Congress is done
What are the benefits of standing committees?
1. Members become experts in their area of specialty
2. Simultaneous work on multiple bills gets done
3. Congress is more efficient
Describe the Senate's "advice & consent" role: they must approve/confirm treaties and presidential appointment
What impact does the Senatorial advice & consent role have? It serves as a major check on presidential power
What is another word for taxes? Revenue
Because Congress controls federal funds they are described as having this power? Power of the purse
What committee is in charge of fixing differences in changes made to bills in both houses? The Conference Committee
The work of this committee is known as? "Marking-up bills"
Policy related to government spending is known as? Fiscal policy
Describe the federal budget writing process: The Executive branch produces the budget and Congress approves it
What are entitlement programs? Programs that must be paid
Give examples of entitlement programs:
1. Social Security
2. Medicare
3. Medicaid
What is discretionary spending? programs that Congress has a choice
What makes up the largest portion of the discretionary budget? Defense / military spending
What is the major cause of the rise in entitlement spending? Americans are living longer lives
Define deficit: spending more than is collected in revenues
What is the Congressional oversight? They can hold hearings on executive behavior and spending
Define the Trustee model of Representation: representatives who vote independently of their constituents
Define delegate representation: When delegates do whatever their constituents want
Define politico representation: When delegates vote whichever is most politically beneficial |
Define "standing committees:" permanent specialized committees where most of the work of Congress is done
What are the benefits of standing committees?
1. Members become experts in their area of specialty
2. Simultaneous work on multiple bills gets done
3. Congress is more efficient
Describe the Senate's "advice & consent" role: they must approve/confirm treaties and presidential appointment
What impact does the Senatorial advice & consent role have? It serves as a major check on presidential power
What is another word for taxes? Revenue
Because Congress controls federal funds they are described as having this power? Power of the purse
What committee is in charge of fixing differences in changes made to bills in both houses? The Conference Committee
The work of this committee is known as? "Marking-up bills"
Policy related to government spending is known as? Fiscal policy
Describe the federal budget writing process: The Executive branch produces the budget and Congress approves it
What are entitlement programs? Programs that must be paid
Give examples of entitlement programs:
1. Social Security
2. Medicare
3. Medicaid
What is discretionary spending? programs that Congress has a choice
What makes up the largest portion of the discretionary budget? Defense / military spending
What is the major cause of the rise in entitlement spending? Americans are living longer lives
Define deficit: spending more than is collected in revenues
What is the Congressional oversight? They can hold hearings on executive behavior and spending
Define the Trustee model of Representation: representatives who vote independently of their constituents
Define delegate representation: When delegates do whatever their constituents want
Define politico representation: When delegates vote whichever is most politically beneficial |
Quiz Weds 10/26
What are formal powers of the president - those that are listed in the Constitution.
List four formal powers / duties of the president:
1. execute the law
2. Serve as commander-in-chief
3. Deliver the State of the Union Address
4. Chief Diplomat
What trend has there been in presidential powers? The stretching of informal powers What is another word for informal powers? Inherent powers
What are examples of informal powers the president has used that are not in the Constitution?
1. Executive orders
2. Executive agreements
3. Fighting wars without Congress "declaring war"
What are some wars initiated by the president without a Congressional declaration of war? Korean War, Vietnam War, Iraq (twice)
What limit was placed on the president's ability to fight wars without a Congressional declaration? The War Powers Act of 1973
What war was this act a response to? Vietnam
What is it called when the president is from a different party than one or both houses of Congress? Divided government
If the President & Senate are from different parties what presidential appointments often become political fights? Supreme Court justice appointments
What is this Senatorial role of approving presidential appointments & treaties called? Advice & Consent
What did Federalist #70 argue for? It was Alexander Hamilton's argument for single executive who could make quick decisions
Why were the precedents of President Washington so important? The Constitution was vague about the responsibilities of the President
In what ways does the president serve as his role of "chief legislature?" His veto or signing power & his increasing role in suggesting laws
The increase in presidents suggesting laws can be traced back to which president? FDR's New Deal
What forum has given the role a larger role in suggesting laws? The State of the Union Address
What are executive orders? a rule or order by the president that has the force of law
Why are executive orders sometimes controversial? The power is not in the Constitution and they can be seen as a violation of separation of powers
What is a weakness of executive orders? They can be overturned by the next president
What are formal powers of the president - those that are listed in the Constitution.
List four formal powers / duties of the president:
1. execute the law
2. Serve as commander-in-chief
3. Deliver the State of the Union Address
4. Chief Diplomat
What trend has there been in presidential powers? The stretching of informal powers What is another word for informal powers? Inherent powers
What are examples of informal powers the president has used that are not in the Constitution?
1. Executive orders
2. Executive agreements
3. Fighting wars without Congress "declaring war"
What are some wars initiated by the president without a Congressional declaration of war? Korean War, Vietnam War, Iraq (twice)
What limit was placed on the president's ability to fight wars without a Congressional declaration? The War Powers Act of 1973
What war was this act a response to? Vietnam
What is it called when the president is from a different party than one or both houses of Congress? Divided government
If the President & Senate are from different parties what presidential appointments often become political fights? Supreme Court justice appointments
What is this Senatorial role of approving presidential appointments & treaties called? Advice & Consent
What did Federalist #70 argue for? It was Alexander Hamilton's argument for single executive who could make quick decisions
Why were the precedents of President Washington so important? The Constitution was vague about the responsibilities of the President
In what ways does the president serve as his role of "chief legislature?" His veto or signing power & his increasing role in suggesting laws
The increase in presidents suggesting laws can be traced back to which president? FDR's New Deal
What forum has given the role a larger role in suggesting laws? The State of the Union Address
What are executive orders? a rule or order by the president that has the force of law
Why are executive orders sometimes controversial? The power is not in the Constitution and they can be seen as a violation of separation of powers
What is a weakness of executive orders? They can be overturned by the next president
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Old Homework
uiz Weds 9/28
How does the size of the chambers in Congress impact the formality of debate? The House has much stricter rules compared to the Senate
This House Committee wields a lot of power and the debate and scheduling of Bills? The House Rules Committee
This is the title of the leader of the House of
Representatives? Speaker of the House
How are committee chairpersons chosen? By whichever party has the majority of seats |
This tactic is used to force a bill out of committee for a vote on the floor? A discharge petition |
This tactic of "talking a bill to death" symbolizes the loose rules on debate in the Senate? Filibuster |
Today most Senators can use this tactic to stop debate on a bill as they need unanimous consent to reach the floor? Senatorial Hold
How can both of these tactics be halted? A cloture vote |
What is the Senates "advice & consent" role? They must approve treaties and presidential appointments
What impact does the Senate’s advice & consent role have? It is a major check on presidential power |
This committee is where tax or revenue bills originate in the House? The House Ways & Means Committee |
Because Congress controls taxes & revenues it is said to have this power? The Power of the Purse |
What impact does this fiscal control have? It serves as a major check on the executive branch
Despite the fact that all tax bills must originate in the House of Representatives, where does most tax policy originate from these days? The President
Why is it so important for a party to control a house of Congress? They control what bills and policies reach the floor and chose the heads of committees
What power does the vice president have in their role as president of the Senate? A tiebreaker vote
When the vice president isn't there, who runs the day to day operations of the Senate? The President Pro Temp
Who is the true leader of the Senate? The
Senate Majority Leader
These party leaders ensure that members vote the way the party wants? Party Whips
The Necessary & Proper Clause has this impact of the types of laws Congress passes? They address a wide range of economic, environmental, and social issues |
List two examples of laws passed under the implied powers doctrine? A federal minimum wage & the military draft |
How does the size of the chambers in Congress impact the formality of debate? The House has much stricter rules compared to the Senate
This House Committee wields a lot of power and the debate and scheduling of Bills? The House Rules Committee
This is the title of the leader of the House of
Representatives? Speaker of the House
How are committee chairpersons chosen? By whichever party has the majority of seats |
This tactic is used to force a bill out of committee for a vote on the floor? A discharge petition |
This tactic of "talking a bill to death" symbolizes the loose rules on debate in the Senate? Filibuster |
Today most Senators can use this tactic to stop debate on a bill as they need unanimous consent to reach the floor? Senatorial Hold
How can both of these tactics be halted? A cloture vote |
What is the Senates "advice & consent" role? They must approve treaties and presidential appointments
What impact does the Senate’s advice & consent role have? It is a major check on presidential power |
This committee is where tax or revenue bills originate in the House? The House Ways & Means Committee |
Because Congress controls taxes & revenues it is said to have this power? The Power of the Purse |
What impact does this fiscal control have? It serves as a major check on the executive branch
Despite the fact that all tax bills must originate in the House of Representatives, where does most tax policy originate from these days? The President
Why is it so important for a party to control a house of Congress? They control what bills and policies reach the floor and chose the heads of committees
What power does the vice president have in their role as president of the Senate? A tiebreaker vote
When the vice president isn't there, who runs the day to day operations of the Senate? The President Pro Temp
Who is the true leader of the Senate? The
Senate Majority Leader
These party leaders ensure that members vote the way the party wants? Party Whips
The Necessary & Proper Clause has this impact of the types of laws Congress passes? They address a wide range of economic, environmental, and social issues |
List two examples of laws passed under the implied powers doctrine? A federal minimum wage & the military draft |
Quiz Friday 9/12:
Federalist 51 Madison said bicameralism would have this effect: It would create a check on the lawmaking process
How many members of the House of Representatives are there? 435
What was the original intent of the Framers for the Senate being chosen by state legislatures? The elite Senate would slow down the House which was voted on by the people
Which amendment allowed for the direct election by the people of their US Senators? The 17th
Why is the House sometimes referred to as "the people's house"? They were originally the only body elected by the people and they serve 2 year terms
What impact does the shorter term of the House have on its members? They often take less political risks because they are always running for reelection
Because of their shorter term, House members are more likely to use this model of representation: Delegate
Because the House is the "people's house" what type of Bills must originate there? Tax bills
How is the number of representatives in the House determined per state? The US Census
Determining how many reps a state has is known as? Apportionment |
When a state legislature redraws is House districts it is known as this process? Redistricting |
The process of redrawing districts has led both parties to focus on gaining seats here? State legislatures |
Define "Gerrymandering:" redrawing a Congressional district to favor one of the political parties |
What did SCOTUS mandate in the case of Baker v. Carr? Each Congressional district must represent the same number of people What is Baker v. Carr often referred to as? the "one man one vote" case
In this SCOTUS case the court ruled against racial gerrymandering? Shaw v. Reno
Gerrymandered districts are often referred to as this? "Safe seats" |
Federalist 51 Madison said bicameralism would have this effect: It would create a check on the lawmaking process
How many members of the House of Representatives are there? 435
What was the original intent of the Framers for the Senate being chosen by state legislatures? The elite Senate would slow down the House which was voted on by the people
Which amendment allowed for the direct election by the people of their US Senators? The 17th
Why is the House sometimes referred to as "the people's house"? They were originally the only body elected by the people and they serve 2 year terms
What impact does the shorter term of the House have on its members? They often take less political risks because they are always running for reelection
Because of their shorter term, House members are more likely to use this model of representation: Delegate
Because the House is the "people's house" what type of Bills must originate there? Tax bills
How is the number of representatives in the House determined per state? The US Census
Determining how many reps a state has is known as? Apportionment |
When a state legislature redraws is House districts it is known as this process? Redistricting |
The process of redrawing districts has led both parties to focus on gaining seats here? State legislatures |
Define "Gerrymandering:" redrawing a Congressional district to favor one of the political parties |
What did SCOTUS mandate in the case of Baker v. Carr? Each Congressional district must represent the same number of people What is Baker v. Carr often referred to as? the "one man one vote" case
In this SCOTUS case the court ruled against racial gerrymandering? Shaw v. Reno
Gerrymandered districts are often referred to as this? "Safe seats" |
Quiz Weds the 14th:
How does the federal government persuade state governments to carry out their policies?
They only receive federal funds if they enact federal policies
What are "grants-in-aid?" Money from the federal government to states to implement federal programs |
This type of grant gives states comes with strings attached and can only be used for specific programs? Categorical |
This type of grant is to be used for a general purpose (ex: healthcare) but gives state flexibility about how they are going to spend it? Block grants |
Which type of grant gives states more power? Block |
This term describes the push from conservatives & many Republicans to shift power & responsibilities back to the states? Devolution |
What two Presidents are associated with this shift? Nixon & Reagan |
In the "Republican Revolution" of 1996 the Republican led Congress pushed for limits on these types of federal regulations? Unfunded mandates |
Give two examples of of these regulations? The Clean Air Act of 1970 & Americans with Disabilities Act | What was US v. Lopez about? A federal law creating gun-free zones near schools |
What did the SCOTUS rule in US v. Lopez? That the Federal Government had abused their use of the interstate commerce clause
What is the main job of the legislative branch? To make laws
What is the main job of the executive branch? To enforce laws
What is the main job of the judicial branch? To interpret laws
What is the main job of the bureaucracy? To implement laws
How does the federal government persuade state governments to carry out their policies?
They only receive federal funds if they enact federal policies
What are "grants-in-aid?" Money from the federal government to states to implement federal programs |
This type of grant gives states comes with strings attached and can only be used for specific programs? Categorical |
This type of grant is to be used for a general purpose (ex: healthcare) but gives state flexibility about how they are going to spend it? Block grants |
Which type of grant gives states more power? Block |
This term describes the push from conservatives & many Republicans to shift power & responsibilities back to the states? Devolution |
What two Presidents are associated with this shift? Nixon & Reagan |
In the "Republican Revolution" of 1996 the Republican led Congress pushed for limits on these types of federal regulations? Unfunded mandates |
Give two examples of of these regulations? The Clean Air Act of 1970 & Americans with Disabilities Act | What was US v. Lopez about? A federal law creating gun-free zones near schools |
What did the SCOTUS rule in US v. Lopez? That the Federal Government had abused their use of the interstate commerce clause
What is the main job of the legislative branch? To make laws
What is the main job of the executive branch? To enforce laws
What is the main job of the judicial branch? To interpret laws
What is the main job of the bureaucracy? To implement laws
Quiz Tuesday 9/6 (yes day after Labor Day)
This act of Congress supported by President Bush demonstrated how the Federal government has been intruding into traditional state responsibilities? No Child Left Behind
How did this law symbolize this shift? Education is a reserved or state power/responsibility
What are systems of government? Models for how power is distributed between central and regional governments
In this system of government the central or national government creates laws and policies for the entire nation and have the ultimate authority? Unitary system
What is a confederacy? A system in which regional governments have all of the power
What did Madison & Hamilton argue in the Federalist papers would be the impact of Federalism? Sharing powers & responsibilities between the national & state governments would provide another check on federal power |
What are powers that are shared between the national & state governments called? Concurrent powers
Give two examples of these shared powers? Making laws & taxing |
What are state powers called? Reserved powers.
Which amendment stated that powers not given to the Federal government are saved for the state governments? the 10th Amendment |
What US Constitutional Clause often comes into conflict with this amendment? The necessary & proper clause |
Give three examples of traditional state powers & responsibilities: Marriage, elections, licenses
This denied power in the US Constitution states that the federal government cannot pass a law after a crime has been committed and go back and charge people for it? Ex post facto laws |
In articles IV of the Constitution, this clause mandates that states respect each others laws? Full Faith & Credit Clause
What modern issue demonstrated issues than impact this clause? Same-sex marriage
What supreme court case allowed the Federal government to create a national bank? McColloch v. Maryland |
The decision in this case was a upheld what two constitutional clauses: The Necessary & Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause
This act of Congress supported by President Bush demonstrated how the Federal government has been intruding into traditional state responsibilities? No Child Left Behind
How did this law symbolize this shift? Education is a reserved or state power/responsibility
What are systems of government? Models for how power is distributed between central and regional governments
In this system of government the central or national government creates laws and policies for the entire nation and have the ultimate authority? Unitary system
What is a confederacy? A system in which regional governments have all of the power
What did Madison & Hamilton argue in the Federalist papers would be the impact of Federalism? Sharing powers & responsibilities between the national & state governments would provide another check on federal power |
What are powers that are shared between the national & state governments called? Concurrent powers
Give two examples of these shared powers? Making laws & taxing |
What are state powers called? Reserved powers.
Which amendment stated that powers not given to the Federal government are saved for the state governments? the 10th Amendment |
What US Constitutional Clause often comes into conflict with this amendment? The necessary & proper clause |
Give three examples of traditional state powers & responsibilities: Marriage, elections, licenses
This denied power in the US Constitution states that the federal government cannot pass a law after a crime has been committed and go back and charge people for it? Ex post facto laws |
In articles IV of the Constitution, this clause mandates that states respect each others laws? Full Faith & Credit Clause
What modern issue demonstrated issues than impact this clause? Same-sex marriage
What supreme court case allowed the Federal government to create a national bank? McColloch v. Maryland |
The decision in this case was a upheld what two constitutional clauses: The Necessary & Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause
Quiz Thursday September 1:
What year was the US Constitution ratified? 1789
How many articles are there in the U.S. Constitution? 7
What does Article I of the Constitution lay out? The powers and responsibilities of the U.S. Congress
What is Federalist #51 about? Checks and Balances
In Federalist #51 – Madison said the government would be controlled by “external” and
“internal controls.” What are the external and internal controls? External – the people – Internal constitutional checks
What is the goal of “separation of powers?” To limit any one branch from becoming too powerful
List one check the President has on Congress: Veto laws
List one check Congress has on the President: Override the veto with a 2/3 majority
List one check the president has on the judicial branch: They appoint federal judges
List one check Congress has on the judicial branch: The Senate must confirm judicial appointments
List one check the judicial branch has on Congress: judicial review – can declare laws unconstitutional
List one check the judicial branch has on the Executive – executive orders can be declared unconstitutional
What is the Amendment process in Article V? Amendments must be proposed by 2/3s of the Congress and ratified by 3/4s of the states
What is Federalist #10 about? How to control factions
What was Madison’s solution for controlling factions? A large republic with diverse interests
What year was the US Constitution ratified? 1789
How many articles are there in the U.S. Constitution? 7
What does Article I of the Constitution lay out? The powers and responsibilities of the U.S. Congress
What is Federalist #51 about? Checks and Balances
In Federalist #51 – Madison said the government would be controlled by “external” and
“internal controls.” What are the external and internal controls? External – the people – Internal constitutional checks
What is the goal of “separation of powers?” To limit any one branch from becoming too powerful
List one check the President has on Congress: Veto laws
List one check Congress has on the President: Override the veto with a 2/3 majority
List one check the president has on the judicial branch: They appoint federal judges
List one check Congress has on the judicial branch: The Senate must confirm judicial appointments
List one check the judicial branch has on Congress: judicial review – can declare laws unconstitutional
List one check the judicial branch has on the Executive – executive orders can be declared unconstitutional
What is the Amendment process in Article V? Amendments must be proposed by 2/3s of the Congress and ratified by 3/4s of the states
What is Federalist #10 about? How to control factions
What was Madison’s solution for controlling factions? A large republic with diverse interests
Quiz Tuesday 8/30
What were the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
1. Lacked the power to tax,
2. Lacked the power to enforce the law,
3 Lacked the power to regulate commerce,
4. Only one branch of government.
This event proved to American's that the Articles was too weak? Shays' Rebellion.
Under the Articles of Confederation what level had all of the sovereignty? The states |
Who was nicknamed the "Father of the Constitution?" James Madison |
What other delegates made up the "Grand Committee" at the Constitutional Convention? George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, & Alexander Hamilton |
Who was missing from the Constitutional Convention? Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
What was the difference Virginia Plan & The New Jersey Plan? Virginia wanted a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses based on population while the New Jersey wanted a unicameral with equal representation |
How did the Great (Connecticut) Compromise solve the dispute? Created our current Congress with the Senate based on equal representation and the House of Representatives based on population |
What compromise was made on choosing the executive or president? The Electoral College |
How does the Electoral College work? The winner of the general election is supposed to get all of that states electoral votes which is based on population. |
What was the 3/5ths Compromise? Slaves would count towards three fifths of a states population when determining representation in Congress and taxes. |
What other compromise on slavery was made? The importation of slaves would end after 20 years.
What major dispute at the Constitutional Convention continues to be debated to this day? Federal vs. State powers
What were the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
1. Lacked the power to tax,
2. Lacked the power to enforce the law,
3 Lacked the power to regulate commerce,
4. Only one branch of government.
This event proved to American's that the Articles was too weak? Shays' Rebellion.
Under the Articles of Confederation what level had all of the sovereignty? The states |
Who was nicknamed the "Father of the Constitution?" James Madison |
What other delegates made up the "Grand Committee" at the Constitutional Convention? George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, & Alexander Hamilton |
Who was missing from the Constitutional Convention? Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
What was the difference Virginia Plan & The New Jersey Plan? Virginia wanted a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses based on population while the New Jersey wanted a unicameral with equal representation |
How did the Great (Connecticut) Compromise solve the dispute? Created our current Congress with the Senate based on equal representation and the House of Representatives based on population |
What compromise was made on choosing the executive or president? The Electoral College |
How does the Electoral College work? The winner of the general election is supposed to get all of that states electoral votes which is based on population. |
What was the 3/5ths Compromise? Slaves would count towards three fifths of a states population when determining representation in Congress and taxes. |
What other compromise on slavery was made? The importation of slaves would end after 20 years.
What major dispute at the Constitutional Convention continues to be debated to this day? Federal vs. State powers
Quiz Thursday or Friday 8/25 or 26 :
What impact did Citizens United v. the FEC have? it created "SuperPACS"|
Citizens United established that campaign donations were protected under this right? Freedom of speech
What theory or model of democracy would Citizens United encourage or augment? Elite Theory
What two examples did the Framers of the Constitution establish that showed they didn't trust the "common man?" The Electoral College & US Senators being chosen by state legislatures
Define "natural rights" - ones not dependent on governments but provided by God or nature
Define "popular sovereignty" - the people are the source of government power
Define "republicanism" - a government run by elected representatives
Define social contract" - an implied agreement where the people give up certain rights in exchange for protection by the government |
What line from the Declaration of Independence can we find the concept of "popular sovereignty? "governments are instituted among men, deriving their powers from the consent of the governed." What Enlightenment philosopher inspired Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence? John Locke What natural rights are found in the Declaration of Independence? Life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness.
What influence did Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu provide? The concept of separation of powers into three branches
What did Jefferson say the people have the right to do to a government who breaks the social contract? "Alter or abolish it"
What impact did Citizens United v. the FEC have? it created "SuperPACS"|
Citizens United established that campaign donations were protected under this right? Freedom of speech
What theory or model of democracy would Citizens United encourage or augment? Elite Theory
What two examples did the Framers of the Constitution establish that showed they didn't trust the "common man?" The Electoral College & US Senators being chosen by state legislatures
Define "natural rights" - ones not dependent on governments but provided by God or nature
Define "popular sovereignty" - the people are the source of government power
Define "republicanism" - a government run by elected representatives
Define social contract" - an implied agreement where the people give up certain rights in exchange for protection by the government |
What line from the Declaration of Independence can we find the concept of "popular sovereignty? "governments are instituted among men, deriving their powers from the consent of the governed." What Enlightenment philosopher inspired Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence? John Locke What natural rights are found in the Declaration of Independence? Life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness.
What influence did Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu provide? The concept of separation of powers into three branches
What did Jefferson say the people have the right to do to a government who breaks the social contract? "Alter or abolish it"
Quiz - Tuesday or Weds 8/23 & 24:
Define democracy: a system of government where citizens exercise power by voting |
Define Republic: a government run by elected representatives |
Define Direct-Democracy: when citizens vote on laws and policies. |
Where do we find examples of direct-democracy in the U.S.? State referendums, amendments, and initiatives. |
Define Participatory Democracy: theory that the people have the power to influence their representatives and policy through their participation in the political process |
Define Pluralist Democracy: theory that diverse interest groups will compete for influence leading to compromise |
Elite theory of Democracy: theory that elected officials will serve the interests of the privileged in society |
Madison's Federalist # 10 said a large republic would tame these? Factions |
Madison's Federalist #10 would most closely align with which theory of democracy? Pluralist Theory |
Why would Madison's Federalist #10 be most associated with this theory? Madison argued that diverse regional factions would make it impossible for any interest to gain a monopoly on power
Define democracy: a system of government where citizens exercise power by voting |
Define Republic: a government run by elected representatives |
Define Direct-Democracy: when citizens vote on laws and policies. |
Where do we find examples of direct-democracy in the U.S.? State referendums, amendments, and initiatives. |
Define Participatory Democracy: theory that the people have the power to influence their representatives and policy through their participation in the political process |
Define Pluralist Democracy: theory that diverse interest groups will compete for influence leading to compromise |
Elite theory of Democracy: theory that elected officials will serve the interests of the privileged in society |
Madison's Federalist # 10 said a large republic would tame these? Factions |
Madison's Federalist #10 would most closely align with which theory of democracy? Pluralist Theory |
Why would Madison's Federalist #10 be most associated with this theory? Madison argued that diverse regional factions would make it impossible for any interest to gain a monopoly on power
Quiz Weds 1/5
What is the difference between civil rights and civil liberties? Civil liberties are for individuals - civil rights are for groups of people |
What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights and other amendments? To limit the power of the government and protect citizens from tyranny |
What five rights are included in the first amendment? Freedom of religion, speech, assembly, petition, and the press |
What is the "establishment clause" of the first amendment? The government cannot create or favor one religion over another |
What idea was the "original intent" of the establishment clause? Separation of church & state
This Supreme court using the establishment clause declared school led prayers unconstitutional in 1962? Engel v. Vitale
What is the "free exercise" clause of the first amendment? the government cannot unreasonably interfere with religious practices
This SCOTUS case said Amish children could drop out of school before the age of 16 as part of their "free exercise" rights? Wisconsin v. Yoder
What is "prior restraint?" When the government attempts to block the publishing of sensitive materials
Which "must know" case involves prior restraint vs. freedom of the press? New York Times Co. vs. the United States
Why was the defendant being sued? They were blocking the publishing of the Pentagon Papers
This case created the clear & present danger concept? Schenck v. United States
What is the clear and present danger test? Information can be censored by the government if it incites others to commit crimes |
What special circumstances inspired the court to rule in the defendants favor? The government can often limit rights during times of war |
What is the difference between civil rights and civil liberties? Civil liberties are for individuals - civil rights are for groups of people |
What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights and other amendments? To limit the power of the government and protect citizens from tyranny |
What five rights are included in the first amendment? Freedom of religion, speech, assembly, petition, and the press |
What is the "establishment clause" of the first amendment? The government cannot create or favor one religion over another |
What idea was the "original intent" of the establishment clause? Separation of church & state
This Supreme court using the establishment clause declared school led prayers unconstitutional in 1962? Engel v. Vitale
What is the "free exercise" clause of the first amendment? the government cannot unreasonably interfere with religious practices
This SCOTUS case said Amish children could drop out of school before the age of 16 as part of their "free exercise" rights? Wisconsin v. Yoder
What is "prior restraint?" When the government attempts to block the publishing of sensitive materials
Which "must know" case involves prior restraint vs. freedom of the press? New York Times Co. vs. the United States
Why was the defendant being sued? They were blocking the publishing of the Pentagon Papers
This case created the clear & present danger concept? Schenck v. United States
What is the clear and present danger test? Information can be censored by the government if it incites others to commit crimes |
What special circumstances inspired the court to rule in the defendants favor? The government can often limit rights during times of war |
Quiz 12/8:
What did the 15th Amendment do? Gave African American men the right to vote
What did the 19th Amendment do? Gave women the right to vote
What did the 24th Amendment do? Abolished poll taxes to vote
What did the 26th Amendment do? Changed voting age from 21 to 18
What is party line voting? Voting for one party for all levels
What is an closed primary? Only party members can vote
What three institutions make up linkage institutions? Political parties, media, & interest groups |
What is the nickname of the media (which it shares with bureaucracy? The Fourth Branch | What is one criticism of the nightly news in relation to the length of time average Americans watch it? Because its only 22 minutes, coverage is limited to "sound bites" as opposed to in depth policy debates |
What is narrow casting? The increase in biased news outlets who target smaller audiences
What impact has having more media choices (internet, social media) had on political discourse? Americans are less trustful of the news and more divided
When did America see a "dealignment" of the "Solid Democratic South" to the Republican party? Following the Civil Rights Era of the 1960's
List four ideals that most Americans associate with the Republican party? 1. Lower taxes 2. Pro gun rights 3. Pro-life 4. Less governmental regulation
In addition to the opposite ideals of the ones listed for Republicans, what issue that Democrats tend to push for more governmental protection? Civil Rights
This demographic has shifted the Republican party to the right on certain social issues? The Religious right
This 3rd Party is in favor of almost no government intervention except for basic services? Libertarians
What historic changes have been implemented that have somewhat weakened the power of party leaders? 1. National Convention (Andrew Jackson) 2. The Direct Primary (1952) 3. Candidate Centered Campaigns
How has the internet impacted the relationship between candidates and the party? Candidates can semi-bypass party leaders and take their message directly to the people
What did the 15th Amendment do? Gave African American men the right to vote
What did the 19th Amendment do? Gave women the right to vote
What did the 24th Amendment do? Abolished poll taxes to vote
What did the 26th Amendment do? Changed voting age from 21 to 18
What is party line voting? Voting for one party for all levels
What is an closed primary? Only party members can vote
What three institutions make up linkage institutions? Political parties, media, & interest groups |
What is the nickname of the media (which it shares with bureaucracy? The Fourth Branch | What is one criticism of the nightly news in relation to the length of time average Americans watch it? Because its only 22 minutes, coverage is limited to "sound bites" as opposed to in depth policy debates |
What is narrow casting? The increase in biased news outlets who target smaller audiences
What impact has having more media choices (internet, social media) had on political discourse? Americans are less trustful of the news and more divided
When did America see a "dealignment" of the "Solid Democratic South" to the Republican party? Following the Civil Rights Era of the 1960's
List four ideals that most Americans associate with the Republican party? 1. Lower taxes 2. Pro gun rights 3. Pro-life 4. Less governmental regulation
In addition to the opposite ideals of the ones listed for Republicans, what issue that Democrats tend to push for more governmental protection? Civil Rights
This demographic has shifted the Republican party to the right on certain social issues? The Religious right
This 3rd Party is in favor of almost no government intervention except for basic services? Libertarians
What historic changes have been implemented that have somewhat weakened the power of party leaders? 1. National Convention (Andrew Jackson) 2. The Direct Primary (1952) 3. Candidate Centered Campaigns
How has the internet impacted the relationship between candidates and the party? Candidates can semi-bypass party leaders and take their message directly to the people
Quiz - 11/30:
What structural & cultural barriers can make it more difficult for some of the electorate to vote? Registration requirements, voter ID laws, weekday elections, “ballot fatigue,” and voter apathy
This model of voting is based on choosing a party or candidate that has been good in the past: Retrospective voting
Who determines what requirements are imposed to vote in an election? State legislatures
This law was passed to increase voter participation: The Motor Voter Law
What has diminished the power of the “big-two” parties in the United States?
Who are the most likely segment of the electorate to vote? The elderly, wealthy, and educate
Who is in charge of campaign donation policy? The Federal Elections Commission (FEC)
In Buckley v. Valeo SCOTUS ruled that campaign donations were covered under this right: 1st Amendment Free Speech
What is the difference between “hard money” and “soft money” for campaign donations? The FEC places limits on hard money donations while there are no limits for soft money
What two constitutional issues did SCOTUS implement when deciding Citizens United v. the FEC?
The Bi-Partisan Campaign Reform Act has a “stand by your ad” provision. What does this require? Campaign ads must disclose who is paying for an ad
What do the terms “franchise” and “suffrage” mean in political terms? The right to vote
What structural & cultural barriers can make it more difficult for some of the electorate to vote? Registration requirements, voter ID laws, weekday elections, “ballot fatigue,” and voter apathy
This model of voting is based on choosing a party or candidate that has been good in the past: Retrospective voting
Who determines what requirements are imposed to vote in an election? State legislatures
This law was passed to increase voter participation: The Motor Voter Law
What has diminished the power of the “big-two” parties in the United States?
- Direct Primary elections
- Candidate centered campaigns
Who are the most likely segment of the electorate to vote? The elderly, wealthy, and educate
Who is in charge of campaign donation policy? The Federal Elections Commission (FEC)
In Buckley v. Valeo SCOTUS ruled that campaign donations were covered under this right: 1st Amendment Free Speech
What is the difference between “hard money” and “soft money” for campaign donations? The FEC places limits on hard money donations while there are no limits for soft money
What two constitutional issues did SCOTUS implement when deciding Citizens United v. the FEC?
- Campaign donations are protected under free speech
- Corporations are entitled to Bill of Rights protections
The Bi-Partisan Campaign Reform Act has a “stand by your ad” provision. What does this require? Campaign ads must disclose who is paying for an ad
What do the terms “franchise” and “suffrage” mean in political terms? The right to vote
Quiz: Weds 11/17:
What 3 institutions make up “linkage groups?” a. political parties, b. interest groups, c. the media
What word is used to describe the voting public? The electorate
In what two areas do political parties operate? Among the voters & in Congress
What do parties do?
1. Mobilize voters
2. Nominate candidates
3. Run campaigns
4. Raise funds
What are party platforms? outline of where the party stands on issues released every presidential convention
Why does America, unlike many European nations, have a two-party system?
1. "Winner takes all" system
2. Single member districts
What is a “single member” district system? Every member of Congress represents a district or state
What is the "winner-takes all" concept? Whatever presidential or congressional candidate wins the majority of a regions votes takes all of the electoral votes
Where do most Americans fit on the political spectrum? in the moderate middle
What impact do 3rd parties have?
What are two major issues that caused realignment: The Great Depression & Civil Rights Movement
What are Libertarians known for? Minimal governmental intervention
What is Keynesian Economics? During recessions governmental spending should increase
What is “supply-side” economics? Lower taxes & business regulations lead to economic growth
What are some nicknames for supply-side economics? “Trickle-down” or “Reaganomics”
What 3 institutions make up “linkage groups?” a. political parties, b. interest groups, c. the media
What word is used to describe the voting public? The electorate
In what two areas do political parties operate? Among the voters & in Congress
What do parties do?
1. Mobilize voters
2. Nominate candidates
3. Run campaigns
4. Raise funds
What are party platforms? outline of where the party stands on issues released every presidential convention
Why does America, unlike many European nations, have a two-party system?
1. "Winner takes all" system
2. Single member districts
What is a “single member” district system? Every member of Congress represents a district or state
What is the "winner-takes all" concept? Whatever presidential or congressional candidate wins the majority of a regions votes takes all of the electoral votes
Where do most Americans fit on the political spectrum? in the moderate middle
What impact do 3rd parties have?
- The two parties often embrace their ideas
- Spoiler effect - they can take away votes from the major candidate
What is it called when a major portion of party members flock to the other party? Political realignment
What are two major issues that caused realignment: The Great Depression & Civil Rights Movement
What are Libertarians known for? Minimal governmental intervention
What is Keynesian Economics? During recessions governmental spending should increase
What is “supply-side” economics? Lower taxes & business regulations lead to economic growth
What are some nicknames for supply-side economics? “Trickle-down” or “Reaganomics”
Quiz Thursday 11/4:
Quiz Tuesday 11/2
What does the Constitution say about the Judicial branch?
1. Created a supreme court
2. Congress can create "inferior courts"
3. Federal judges have lifetime tenure
4. Judges can be impeached
Describe Federalist #78: Hamilton's essay about how the judiciary will be "politically insulated
In what ways is the Supreme Court immune from political pressure?
1. They are appointed not elected
2. They hold their jobs for life
3. They decide what cases they hear
What is a "dual court" system?" The US has Federal & State courts
What are the three levels of courts? Trial, Appeals and Supreme |
What is jurisdiction? The power or authority to hear a case |
What is an appeal? Asking a higher court to hear your case to determine if you had a fair trial |
What is "original jurisdiction?" The power to hear a case first
What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison? It gave The US Supreme & Federal Courts the power of judicial review
What is judicial review? The power to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional
True or false: judicial review is in the US Constitution? False
Supreme Court cases establish legal precedent. What is legal precedent? Establishing a rule or principle that will impact future court cases
Around how many cases are appealed to the US Supreme Court every year? 8,000
Around how many do they hear? 50 to 100
What is the "rule of four?" It takes four out of nine justices to decide to hear a case
What is a writ of certiorari? When SCOTUS announces they will hear case they order all of the evidence to review
What is a SCOTUS brief? An outline of the arguments from both sides explaining their arguments
What are amicus curiae briefs? Released by non-involved interest groups explaining why they Supreme Court should rule a certain way
What type of jurisdiction do almost all US Supreme Court cases have? Appellate
What is a typical Supreme Court case about? Constitutional rights |
What does the Constitution say about the Judicial branch?
1. Created a supreme court
2. Congress can create "inferior courts"
3. Federal judges have lifetime tenure
4. Judges can be impeached
Describe Federalist #78: Hamilton's essay about how the judiciary will be "politically insulated
In what ways is the Supreme Court immune from political pressure?
1. They are appointed not elected
2. They hold their jobs for life
3. They decide what cases they hear
What is a "dual court" system?" The US has Federal & State courts
What are the three levels of courts? Trial, Appeals and Supreme |
What is jurisdiction? The power or authority to hear a case |
What is an appeal? Asking a higher court to hear your case to determine if you had a fair trial |
What is "original jurisdiction?" The power to hear a case first
What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison? It gave The US Supreme & Federal Courts the power of judicial review
What is judicial review? The power to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional
True or false: judicial review is in the US Constitution? False
Supreme Court cases establish legal precedent. What is legal precedent? Establishing a rule or principle that will impact future court cases
Around how many cases are appealed to the US Supreme Court every year? 8,000
Around how many do they hear? 50 to 100
What is the "rule of four?" It takes four out of nine justices to decide to hear a case
What is a writ of certiorari? When SCOTUS announces they will hear case they order all of the evidence to review
What is a SCOTUS brief? An outline of the arguments from both sides explaining their arguments
What are amicus curiae briefs? Released by non-involved interest groups explaining why they Supreme Court should rule a certain way
What type of jurisdiction do almost all US Supreme Court cases have? Appellate
What is a typical Supreme Court case about? Constitutional rights |
Quiz 10/26:
In what ways does the president control the bureaucracy?
1. Appoints cabinet members and agency heads
2. Can declare executive orders which they must implement
3. Can fire certain top officials
In the early republic bureaucratic positions were often appointed for political favors known as? Patronage or the "spoils system"
This act reformed the bureaucracy mandating appointments based on merit in 1883? The Pendleton Civil Servant Act
This act in 1939 prohibited direct involvement of civil servants in political campaigns? The Hatch Act
This act gave bureaucratic agencies more freedom to implement policy decisions and provided job protection? The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
This most recent reform act provided protection for employees to report government abuse. What is the name given to those employees? Whistleblowers
What are the "executive departments?" 15 departments headed by cabinet members
List four executive departments:
1. Department of Education
2. Department of Defense
3. Department of State
4. Department of Justice
Who is the head of the Department of State and what is their main job? Secretary of State who advises the president on foreign affairs
Give an example of a "sub-agency" below an executive department? The IRS is part of the Department of Treasury or the TSA falls under the department of Homeland Security
This latest cabinet department was created after 9/11 and has far reaching powers? The Department of Homeland Security
Some departments have quasi lawmaking power by creating what are known as? Regulations
Give two examples of departments with semi lawmaking powers? The EPA & The Federal Elections Commission
What do we call agencies like the FEC? Independent regulatory agencies
Why might these powers be controversial? The agency heads were appointed and not elected and it can be seen as a violation of separation of powers
Why is the power of heads of bureaucratic department and agency heads sometimes considered controversial? They were appointed not elected
What power does Congress have over the bureaucracy?
1. They can impeach appointed department heads
2. The control the funding of bureaucratic agencies
3. They can create laws that must be implemented by the bureaucracy
4. The Senate must confirm presidential appointments
What controversial power do bureaucrats have in regards to executive orders & laws? Bureaucratic discretion
Explain this power? Bureaucrats have some leeway in how they will implement these laws or orders
Why are bureaucratic agencies & departments essential to the functioning of the massive federal government? Their employees provide expertise and efficiency in implementing policies
In what ways does the president control the bureaucracy?
1. Appoints cabinet members and agency heads
2. Can declare executive orders which they must implement
3. Can fire certain top officials
In the early republic bureaucratic positions were often appointed for political favors known as? Patronage or the "spoils system"
This act reformed the bureaucracy mandating appointments based on merit in 1883? The Pendleton Civil Servant Act
This act in 1939 prohibited direct involvement of civil servants in political campaigns? The Hatch Act
This act gave bureaucratic agencies more freedom to implement policy decisions and provided job protection? The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
This most recent reform act provided protection for employees to report government abuse. What is the name given to those employees? Whistleblowers
What are the "executive departments?" 15 departments headed by cabinet members
List four executive departments:
1. Department of Education
2. Department of Defense
3. Department of State
4. Department of Justice
Who is the head of the Department of State and what is their main job? Secretary of State who advises the president on foreign affairs
Give an example of a "sub-agency" below an executive department? The IRS is part of the Department of Treasury or the TSA falls under the department of Homeland Security
This latest cabinet department was created after 9/11 and has far reaching powers? The Department of Homeland Security
Some departments have quasi lawmaking power by creating what are known as? Regulations
Give two examples of departments with semi lawmaking powers? The EPA & The Federal Elections Commission
What do we call agencies like the FEC? Independent regulatory agencies
Why might these powers be controversial? The agency heads were appointed and not elected and it can be seen as a violation of separation of powers
Why is the power of heads of bureaucratic department and agency heads sometimes considered controversial? They were appointed not elected
What power does Congress have over the bureaucracy?
1. They can impeach appointed department heads
2. The control the funding of bureaucratic agencies
3. They can create laws that must be implemented by the bureaucracy
4. The Senate must confirm presidential appointments
What controversial power do bureaucrats have in regards to executive orders & laws? Bureaucratic discretion
Explain this power? Bureaucrats have some leeway in how they will implement these laws or orders
Why are bureaucratic agencies & departments essential to the functioning of the massive federal government? Their employees provide expertise and efficiency in implementing policies
Quiz Weds 10 20:
What are formal powers of the president - those that are listed in the Constitution.
List four formal powers / duties of the president:
1. execute the law
2. Serve as commander-in-chief
3. Deliver the State of the Union Address
4. Chief Diplomat
What trend has there been in presidential powers? A stretching of informal powers
What is another word for informal powers? Inherent powers
What are examples of informal powers the president has used that are not in the Constitution?
1. Executive orders
2. Executive agreements
3. Fighting wars without Congress "declaring war"
What are some wars initiated by the president without a Congressional declaration of war? Korean War, Vietnam War, Iraq (twice)
What limit was placed on the president's ability to fight wars without a Congressional declaration? The War Powers Act of 1973
What war was this act a response to? Vietnam
What is it called when the president is from a different party than one or both houses of Congress? Divided government
If the President & Senate are from different parties what presidential appointments often become political fights? Supreme Court justice appointments
What is this Senatorial role of approving presidential appointments & treaties called? Advice & Consent
What did Federalist #70 argue for? It was Alexander Hamilton's argument for single executive who could make quick decisions
Why were the precedents of President Washington so important? The Constitution was vague about the responsibilities of the President
In what ways does the president serve as his role of "chief legislature?" His veto or signing power & his increasing role in suggesting laws
The increase in presidents suggesting laws can be traced back to which president? FDR's New Deal
What forum has given the role a larger role in suggesting laws? The State of the Union Address
What are executive orders? a rule or order by the president that has the force of law
Why are executive orders sometimes controversial? The power is not in the Constitution and they can be seen as a violation of separation of powers
What is a weakness of executive orders? They can be overturned by the next president |
What are formal powers of the president - those that are listed in the Constitution.
List four formal powers / duties of the president:
1. execute the law
2. Serve as commander-in-chief
3. Deliver the State of the Union Address
4. Chief Diplomat
What trend has there been in presidential powers? A stretching of informal powers
What is another word for informal powers? Inherent powers
What are examples of informal powers the president has used that are not in the Constitution?
1. Executive orders
2. Executive agreements
3. Fighting wars without Congress "declaring war"
What are some wars initiated by the president without a Congressional declaration of war? Korean War, Vietnam War, Iraq (twice)
What limit was placed on the president's ability to fight wars without a Congressional declaration? The War Powers Act of 1973
What war was this act a response to? Vietnam
What is it called when the president is from a different party than one or both houses of Congress? Divided government
If the President & Senate are from different parties what presidential appointments often become political fights? Supreme Court justice appointments
What is this Senatorial role of approving presidential appointments & treaties called? Advice & Consent
What did Federalist #70 argue for? It was Alexander Hamilton's argument for single executive who could make quick decisions
Why were the precedents of President Washington so important? The Constitution was vague about the responsibilities of the President
In what ways does the president serve as his role of "chief legislature?" His veto or signing power & his increasing role in suggesting laws
The increase in presidents suggesting laws can be traced back to which president? FDR's New Deal
What forum has given the role a larger role in suggesting laws? The State of the Union Address
What are executive orders? a rule or order by the president that has the force of law
Why are executive orders sometimes controversial? The power is not in the Constitution and they can be seen as a violation of separation of powers
What is a weakness of executive orders? They can be overturned by the next president |
Quiz Tuesday 9/28
In Federalist 51 Madison said bicameralism would have this effect: It would create a check on the lawmaking process
How many members of the House of Representatives are there? 435
What was the original intent of the Framers for the Senate being chosen by state legislatures? The elite Senate would slow down the House which was voted on by the people
Which amendment allowed for the direct election by the people of their US Senators? The 17th
Why is the House sometimes referred to as "the people's house"? They were originally the only body chosen by the people and they serve 2 year terms
What impact does the shorter term of the House have on its members? They often take less political risks because they are always running for reelection
Because the House is the "people's house" what type of Bills must originate there? Tax bills
How is the number of representatives in the House determined per state? The US Census
Determining how many reps a state has is known as? Apportionment
When a state legislature redraws is House districts it is known as this process? Redistricting
The process of redrawing districts has led both parties to focus on gaining seats here? State legislatures
Define "Gerrymandering:" redrawing a Congressional district to favor one of the political parties
What did SCOTUS mandate in the case of Baker v. Carr? Each Congressional district must represent the same number of people
What is Baker v. Carr often referred to as? the "one man one vote" case
In this SCOTUS case the court ruled against racial gerrymandering? Shaw v. Reno
Gerrymandered districts are often referred to as this? "Safe seats"
What are some of the downfalls of Gerrymandering? Increased partisanship and constituents from the minority party aren't represented
How long is the Senate's term? 6 years
What impact does the term of the Senate have on its members? They can make politically risky decisions early in their terms
How does the different size and make up of their constituencies often impact Senators vs. member of the House: Senators tend to be more moderate while House members more partisan
In Federalist 51 Madison said bicameralism would have this effect: It would create a check on the lawmaking process
How many members of the House of Representatives are there? 435
What was the original intent of the Framers for the Senate being chosen by state legislatures? The elite Senate would slow down the House which was voted on by the people
Which amendment allowed for the direct election by the people of their US Senators? The 17th
Why is the House sometimes referred to as "the people's house"? They were originally the only body chosen by the people and they serve 2 year terms
What impact does the shorter term of the House have on its members? They often take less political risks because they are always running for reelection
Because the House is the "people's house" what type of Bills must originate there? Tax bills
How is the number of representatives in the House determined per state? The US Census
Determining how many reps a state has is known as? Apportionment
When a state legislature redraws is House districts it is known as this process? Redistricting
The process of redrawing districts has led both parties to focus on gaining seats here? State legislatures
Define "Gerrymandering:" redrawing a Congressional district to favor one of the political parties
What did SCOTUS mandate in the case of Baker v. Carr? Each Congressional district must represent the same number of people
What is Baker v. Carr often referred to as? the "one man one vote" case
In this SCOTUS case the court ruled against racial gerrymandering? Shaw v. Reno
Gerrymandered districts are often referred to as this? "Safe seats"
What are some of the downfalls of Gerrymandering? Increased partisanship and constituents from the minority party aren't represented
How long is the Senate's term? 6 years
What impact does the term of the Senate have on its members? They can make politically risky decisions early in their terms
How does the different size and make up of their constituencies often impact Senators vs. member of the House: Senators tend to be more moderate while House members more partisan
Quiz 9/30
Define "standing committees:" permanent specialized committees where most of the work of Congress is done
What are the benefits of standing committees?
1. Members become experts in their area of specialty
2. Simultaneous work on multiple bills gets done
3. Congress is more efficient
Describe the Senate's "advice & consent" role: they must approve/confirm treaties and presidential appointment
What impact does the Senatorial advice & consent role have? It serves as a major check on presidential power
What is another word for taxes? Revenue
Because Congress controls federal funds they are described as having this power? Power of the purse
What committee is in charge of fixing differences in changes made to bills in both houses? The Conference Committee
The work of this committee is known as? "Marking-up bills" |
Policy related to government spending is known as? Fiscal policy |
Describe the federal budget writing process: The Executive branch produces the budget and Congress approves it
What are entitlement programs? Programs that must be paid
Give examples of entitlement programs:
1. Social Security
2. Medicare
3. Medicaid
What is discretionary spending? programs that Congress has a choice
What makes up the largest portion of the discretionary budget? Defense / military spending |
What is the major cause of the rise in entitlement spending? Americans are living longer lives
Define deficit: spending more than is collected in revenues
What is the Congressional oversight? They can hold hearings on executive behavior and spending
Define the Trustee model of Representation: representatives who vote independently of their constituents
Define delegate representation: When delegates do whatever their constituents want
Define politico representation: When delegates vote whichever is most politically beneficial |
Define "standing committees:" permanent specialized committees where most of the work of Congress is done
What are the benefits of standing committees?
1. Members become experts in their area of specialty
2. Simultaneous work on multiple bills gets done
3. Congress is more efficient
Describe the Senate's "advice & consent" role: they must approve/confirm treaties and presidential appointment
What impact does the Senatorial advice & consent role have? It serves as a major check on presidential power
What is another word for taxes? Revenue
Because Congress controls federal funds they are described as having this power? Power of the purse
What committee is in charge of fixing differences in changes made to bills in both houses? The Conference Committee
The work of this committee is known as? "Marking-up bills" |
Policy related to government spending is known as? Fiscal policy |
Describe the federal budget writing process: The Executive branch produces the budget and Congress approves it
What are entitlement programs? Programs that must be paid
Give examples of entitlement programs:
1. Social Security
2. Medicare
3. Medicaid
What is discretionary spending? programs that Congress has a choice
What makes up the largest portion of the discretionary budget? Defense / military spending |
What is the major cause of the rise in entitlement spending? Americans are living longer lives
Define deficit: spending more than is collected in revenues
What is the Congressional oversight? They can hold hearings on executive behavior and spending
Define the Trustee model of Representation: representatives who vote independently of their constituents
Define delegate representation: When delegates do whatever their constituents want
Define politico representation: When delegates vote whichever is most politically beneficial |
Quiz Weds September 1:
What impact did Citizens United v. the FEC have? it created "SuperPACS"|
Citizens United established that campaign donations were protected under this right? Freedom of speech
What theory or model of democracy would Citizens United encourage or augment? Elite Theory
What two examples did the Framers of the Constitution establish that showed they didn't trust the "common man?" The Electoral College & US Senators being chosen by state legislatures
Define "natural rights" - ones not dependent on governments but provided by God or nature
Define "popular sovereignty" - the people are the source of government power
Define "republicanism" - a government run by elected representatives
Define social contract" - an implied agreement where the people give up certain rights in exchange for protection by the government |
What line from the Declaration of Independence can we find the concept of "popular sovereignty? "governments are instituted among men, deriving their powers from the consent of the governed." What Enlightenment philosopher inspired Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence? John Locke What natural rights are found in the Declaration of Independence? Life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness.
What influence did Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu provide? The concept of separation of powers into three branches
What did Jefferson say the people have the right to do to a government who breaks the social contract? "Alter or abolish it"
What impact did Citizens United v. the FEC have? it created "SuperPACS"|
Citizens United established that campaign donations were protected under this right? Freedom of speech
What theory or model of democracy would Citizens United encourage or augment? Elite Theory
What two examples did the Framers of the Constitution establish that showed they didn't trust the "common man?" The Electoral College & US Senators being chosen by state legislatures
Define "natural rights" - ones not dependent on governments but provided by God or nature
Define "popular sovereignty" - the people are the source of government power
Define "republicanism" - a government run by elected representatives
Define social contract" - an implied agreement where the people give up certain rights in exchange for protection by the government |
What line from the Declaration of Independence can we find the concept of "popular sovereignty? "governments are instituted among men, deriving their powers from the consent of the governed." What Enlightenment philosopher inspired Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence? John Locke What natural rights are found in the Declaration of Independence? Life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness.
What influence did Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu provide? The concept of separation of powers into three branches
What did Jefferson say the people have the right to do to a government who breaks the social contract? "Alter or abolish it"
Quiz Thusday and Friday August 26th & 27th:
Define democracy: a system of government where citizens exercise power by voting |
Define Republic: a government run by elected representatives |
Define Direct-Democracy: when citizens vote on laws and policies. |
Where do we find examples of direct-democracy in the U.S.? State referendums, amendments, and initiatives. |
Define Participatory Democracy: theory that the people have the power to influence their representatives and policy through their participation in the political process |
Define Pluralist Democracy: theory that diverse interest groups will compete for influence leading to compromise |
Elite theory of Democracy: theory that elected officials will serve the interests of the privileged in society |
Madison's Federalist # 10 said a large republic would tame these? Factions |
Madison's Federalist #10 would most closely align with which theory of democracy? Pluralist Theory |
Why would Madison's Federalist #10 be most associated with this theory? Madison argued that diverse regional factions would make it impossible for any interest to gain a monopoly on power
Define democracy: a system of government where citizens exercise power by voting |
Define Republic: a government run by elected representatives |
Define Direct-Democracy: when citizens vote on laws and policies. |
Where do we find examples of direct-democracy in the U.S.? State referendums, amendments, and initiatives. |
Define Participatory Democracy: theory that the people have the power to influence their representatives and policy through their participation in the political process |
Define Pluralist Democracy: theory that diverse interest groups will compete for influence leading to compromise |
Elite theory of Democracy: theory that elected officials will serve the interests of the privileged in society |
Madison's Federalist # 10 said a large republic would tame these? Factions |
Madison's Federalist #10 would most closely align with which theory of democracy? Pluralist Theory |
Why would Madison's Federalist #10 be most associated with this theory? Madison argued that diverse regional factions would make it impossible for any interest to gain a monopoly on power
Who's next 2022?!
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To my fellow AP Gov peeps... Sadly our district is making us use Google Teams this year as we teach virtually but I will leave this up here for anyone who wants some resources...
Just work your way backwards!!! I wish you all a safe and enjoyable year during these crazy times! Mr. Raymond |
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Ultimate Cheat... I MEAN REFERENCE SHEET! Review it... Highlight... Add to it... Know it love it... Get that money!!
PRINT OUT FOR EXAM!!! - ALSO read over the PDF with examples of ideal Thesis Based FRQs (below)- again this is 60% of your grade
PRINT OUT FOR EXAM!!! - ALSO read over the PDF with examples of ideal Thesis Based FRQs (below)- again this is 60% of your grade
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AP Update: 2 Essays - 1 Thesis Basis 1 FRQ... Below is the Overview on the Rubric and how to ACE your FRQs
ASAP - complete this AP Demo for how you are going to take your online test- I recommend that all of you chose the copy & paste option: ap2020examdemo.collegeboard.org
Old Homework:
Due Thursday May 7: It's the last Edpuzzle of the year! (sung to Most Wonderful Time musical arrangement)
Due Wednesday May 6: FRQ Congress Executive on APClassroom- Last one I swear! Time yourself. Should take 20 minutes!
Due Tuesday May 5th: Edpuzzle Civil Liberties
Monday May 4th: May the 4th be with you... :{... There is a live mock exam on YouTube at 3 pm at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGOeMkbAAwk
Friday 5/1: Okay last big assignment of the year (except of course the AP Itself)- Write AP Thesis Based Essay on AP Classroom (worth 4 grades). 1. Get your Foundational Doc. Reference sheet out and download Supreme Court Case cheat sheet below. 2. Review Rubric. 3. Open AP Classroom 4. Set time for 25 minutes 5. Write your behinds off. Remember 1st "paragraph" should be just your thesis - yes it can be one sentence - yes I know that's not a paragraph... Then write one paragraph for your 1st required doc from the list. 3rd paragraph - 2nd piece of evidence - can be another Foundational Doc., Supreme Court Case, Constitutional Clause, law, etc.
Due Weds 4/29: alright I know must of you know this stuff perfectly but this section is going to be crucial for your thesis based essay on Foundational Documents so complete this Edpuzzle on Unit I. For Friday we are going to write a timed thesis based essay worth 60% of your test grade. Make sure you downloaded your Foundation Doc reference guide.
Monday 4/27: Download and review this Foundational Document Reference sheet (below)! These will be basis of your thesis FRQ! DO NOT COPY THE LANGUAGE WORD FOR WORD!!!! THEY WILL BE USING PLAGIARISM TECH AND HAVE SAID THEY WILL CONTACT COLLEGES TO INFORM THEM OF PLAGIARISM ON APs!!
| modified_argumentative_rubric_2020.docx |
Due Friday 4/24: Ok, so some of you are going to hate me for this but... In reading your last FRQ I just want to ensure you know the format and what you should include in your Thesis Based FRQ - Which you will be writing next week. Please copy the rubric below BY HAND and email picture to - [email protected] - do you have to write it exactly like the template I stole which is part I - NO... but it gives you and idea of what info they want.
Due Weds 4/22: Edpuzzle Judicial Branch Review
Due Friday April 17: Edpuzzle Argumentative Essay! THIS IS 60% OF YOUR GRADE... IF YOU CRUSH THIS "ESSAY" YOU GET A 4!
Due Wednesday April 15th: Edpuzzle The Executive Branch
Due Friday April 10 - Edpuzzle Congress Part III
Due Wednesday April 8- Long into My APClassroom and complete the FRQ on McColloch v. Maryland. Remember your ACE - A - Answer prompt. C - Cite evidence or example. E - Explain the impact this has politically or governmental Worth two grades
Due Friday April 3rd - Edpuzzle Congress Part I
Due Weds April 1st - Edpuzzle Ted Ed Electoral college
Due Wednesday 3/18 midnight: Edpuzzle Federalism Part II - yes I know this is review and most of you already know this stuff but a lot of you missed some of these points on your FRQ's
Friday March 13th - Edpuzzle - Federalism Part I
Thursday March 5th: Group economics project - each members must make 5 slides on your topic. Bullet points only. Make sure your name is on each slide. Just an overview - Email finished projects to: [email protected] - Groups will begin presenting Thursday.
Test Wednesday March 11th Politics WORTH 5 GRADES: Purpose of polls | Polling techniques | Types of polls | Sources of political socialization | Voter demographics | Libertarians | Republican (conservative) & Democrat (liberal) core values | 15th, 19th, 24th, & 26th Amendments | Lobbyists – corporate/elite advantage, expertise/legislation drafting | Interest groups: functions, types, “coalition building,” lobbying | Types of primaries | Electoral college | 2 – Party System | Citizens United vs. FEC | PACs & SuperPACS | Political apathy & efficacy | “Critical elections” | Media: changing nature (social media), “bully pulpit”, biased cable news networks, “horse-racing” | Electoral College: “Winner takes all” effect | Why people don’t vote: registering, too many elections, elections on Tuesdays | Retrospective, prospective, & party-line voting | 3rd Parties: “spoiler effect,” agenda setting | Congress – incumbency (name recognition, fundraising, campaign infrastructure) | Iron Triangles | Linkage institutions | Two-Party system – single member districts, “winner takes all,” | Weakening of the parties: candidate-centered campaigns, primary nominations |
Tuesday March 3rd: Edpuzzle Articles of Confederation & Constitutional Convention
Friday 2/28: Review quiz - Federalism (same questions as Kahoot)
Wednesday 2/26: Edpuzzle Declaration of Independence & Democratic Ideals
Quiz Thursday 2/20:
What is the "franchise?" the right to vote
What did the 15th Amendment do? Gave African American men the right to vote
What did the 19th Amendment do? Gave women the right to vote
What did the 24th Amendment do? Abolished poll taxes to vote
What did the 26th Amendment do? Changed voting age from 21 to 18
What is the rational choice political model? Voting based on what's in your best interest
What is the retrospective voting political model? Voting based how a candidate or party has done in the recent past
What is the prospective political model? Voting by predicting how a party or candidate will do in the future
What is party line voting? Voting for one party for all levels
What is an closed primary? Only party members can vote
What is the "franchise?" the right to vote
What did the 15th Amendment do? Gave African American men the right to vote
What did the 19th Amendment do? Gave women the right to vote
What did the 24th Amendment do? Abolished poll taxes to vote
What did the 26th Amendment do? Changed voting age from 21 to 18
What is the rational choice political model? Voting based on what's in your best interest
What is the retrospective voting political model? Voting based how a candidate or party has done in the recent past
What is the prospective political model? Voting by predicting how a party or candidate will do in the future
What is party line voting? Voting for one party for all levels
What is an closed primary? Only party members can vote
Tuesday 2/18: worth 3.5 grades - Future You Budget project. Email PowerPoint to [email protected] - Rubric: Information 40%, Presentation/Design 50%, Extra information 10%: details such as finding a company you would like to work for, pricing on specific items, details on information, real life examples, etc.
Due Tuesday 2/11 - Edpuzzle Foundations of Democracy Part I
Thursday 2/13: WORK ON POWER-POINTS! Multiple Choice Quiz from Kahoot - republicanism, Social Contract, Participatory, Elite, & Pluralist Theories of Democracy, Popular Sovereignty, Consent of the Governed, Federalist #10, Articles of Confederation - weaknesses, Constitutional Convention: Virginia Plan, New Jersey Pan, Great Compromise, 3/5th Compromise, John Locke, Montesquieu
Friday 2/7 Quiz: Political Parties II:
When did America see a "dealignment" of the "Solid Democratic South" to the Republican party? Following the Civil Rights Era of the 1960's
List four ideals that most Americans associate with the Republican party? 1. Lower taxes 2. Pro gun rights 3. Pro-life 4. Less governmental regulation
In addition to the opposite ideals of the ones listed for Republicans, what issue that Democrats tend to push for more governmental protection? Civil Rights
This demographic has shifted the Republican party to the right on certain social issues? The Religious right
This 3rd Party is in favor of almost no government intervention except for basic services? Libertarians
Define "Keynesian" or supply side economics: During economic downturns the government should increase spending
Why might the two major parties be described as having a decentralized / fragmented power structure? Each party operates semi-independently on the national, state, and local levels
What historic changes have been implemented that have somewhat weakened the power of party leaders? 1. National Convention (Andrew Jackson) 2. The Direct Primary (1952) 3. Candidate Centered Campaigns
How has the internet impacted the relationship between candidates and the party? Candidates can semi-bypass party leaders and take their message directly to the people
When did America see a "dealignment" of the "Solid Democratic South" to the Republican party? Following the Civil Rights Era of the 1960's
List four ideals that most Americans associate with the Republican party? 1. Lower taxes 2. Pro gun rights 3. Pro-life 4. Less governmental regulation
In addition to the opposite ideals of the ones listed for Republicans, what issue that Democrats tend to push for more governmental protection? Civil Rights
This demographic has shifted the Republican party to the right on certain social issues? The Religious right
This 3rd Party is in favor of almost no government intervention except for basic services? Libertarians
Define "Keynesian" or supply side economics: During economic downturns the government should increase spending
Why might the two major parties be described as having a decentralized / fragmented power structure? Each party operates semi-independently on the national, state, and local levels
What historic changes have been implemented that have somewhat weakened the power of party leaders? 1. National Convention (Andrew Jackson) 2. The Direct Primary (1952) 3. Candidate Centered Campaigns
How has the internet impacted the relationship between candidates and the party? Candidates can semi-bypass party leaders and take their message directly to the people
Wednesday 2/5: Go to Classroom and do "Progress Check" on Civil Rights & Liberties - Called Unit 3 Progress Check
Thursday 1/30: Choose a career that you might be interested in pursuing for a budget project - New Political Party Edpuzzle (Crash Course one)www.edpuzzle.com -
What word is used to describe the voting public? The electorate
In what two areas do political parties operate? Among the voters & in Congress
What do parties do? 1. Mobilize voters 2. Nominate candidates 3. Run campaigns 4. Raise funds
What are party platforms? outline of where the party stands on issues released every presidential convention
Why does America, unlike many European nations, have a two-party system? 1. "Winner takes all" system 2. Single member districts
What is a single member district system? Every member of Congress represents a district
What is the "winner-takes all" concept? Whatever presidential candidate wins the majority of a states votes takes all of that states electoral votes
Where do most Americans fit on the political spectrum? in the moderate middle
What impact do 3rd parties have? 1. The two parties often embrace their ideas 2. Spoiler effect - they can take away votes from the major candidate
What is it called when a major portion of party members flock to the other party? Political realignment
What word is used to describe the voting public? The electorate
In what two areas do political parties operate? Among the voters & in Congress
What do parties do? 1. Mobilize voters 2. Nominate candidates 3. Run campaigns 4. Raise funds
What are party platforms? outline of where the party stands on issues released every presidential convention
Why does America, unlike many European nations, have a two-party system? 1. "Winner takes all" system 2. Single member districts
What is a single member district system? Every member of Congress represents a district
What is the "winner-takes all" concept? Whatever presidential candidate wins the majority of a states votes takes all of that states electoral votes
Where do most Americans fit on the political spectrum? in the moderate middle
What impact do 3rd parties have? 1. The two parties often embrace their ideas 2. Spoiler effect - they can take away votes from the major candidate
What is it called when a major portion of party members flock to the other party? Political realignment
Tuesday 1/28: Forget that whack primary elections edpuzzle - new one on political parties for Thursday Quiz Tuesday:
What do interest groups often do to increase rights for their members? Litigate / sue the government or institutions |
How might an interest group influence legislators in an "iron triangle?" making campaign donations & writing laws |
How might an interest group influence bureaucratic agencies in an iron triangle? Provide information & expertise |
Give an example of an interest group influence influencing a bureaucratic agency in an iron triangle? An environmental group notifies the EPA about factories polluting |
What three institutions make up linkage institutions? Political parties, media, & interest groups |
What is the nickname of the media (which it shares with bureaucracy? The Fourth Branch | What is one criticism of the nightly news in relation to the length of time average Americans watch it? Because its only 22 minutes, coverage is limited to "sound bites" as opposed to in depth policy debates |
What is narrow casting? The increase in biased news outlets who target smaller audiences
What impact has having more media choices (internet, social media) had on political discourse? Americans are less trustful of the news and more divided
What do interest groups often do to increase rights for their members? Litigate / sue the government or institutions |
How might an interest group influence legislators in an "iron triangle?" making campaign donations & writing laws |
How might an interest group influence bureaucratic agencies in an iron triangle? Provide information & expertise |
Give an example of an interest group influence influencing a bureaucratic agency in an iron triangle? An environmental group notifies the EPA about factories polluting |
What three institutions make up linkage institutions? Political parties, media, & interest groups |
What is the nickname of the media (which it shares with bureaucracy? The Fourth Branch | What is one criticism of the nightly news in relation to the length of time average Americans watch it? Because its only 22 minutes, coverage is limited to "sound bites" as opposed to in depth policy debates |
What is narrow casting? The increase in biased news outlets who target smaller audiences
What impact has having more media choices (internet, social media) had on political discourse? Americans are less trustful of the news and more divided
Friday 1/24: Test worth 5 grades - Civil Rights & Civil Liberties including Supreme Court cases and the Constitutional Clauses, Amendments, etc.
Quiz postponed for those that were too lazy to do it to Wednesday NOTE YOU HAVE A 5 GRADE TEST ON FRIDAY!! (the Edpuzzle on Interest Groups was still due Friday - quiz interest groups -
What’s the difference between political parties and interest groups? Parties focus on getting candidates elected, interest groups focus on issues
What do interest groups do? 1. Educate voters & office holders, 2. draft legislation, 3. pressure lawmakers, 4. provide expertise on policy
Interest groups hire these professionals to influence policy on their behalf? Lobbyists
What is the "revolving door" of Washington? Policy makers such as members of Congress & White House advisers become lobbyists
These are groups of organized workers? Unions
This interest group has fought for women’s issues? NOW
Name an interest group that was influential in the Civil Rights movement for African Americans? NAACP, Urban League,
Over the past few decades there has been a rapid rise in these types of interest groups? Environmental
This is the name given to institutions that connect voters with the government? Linkage institutions
What three institutions make up these groups? Political parties, mass media, interest groups
This is the name given to interest groups, bureaucrats, and congressional committees that work together on policy and laws? Iron triangles
Because of the rise in number and influence of interest groups this is the name given to large numbers of officials and interests that come together to address policy? Issue networks
What are some different types of interest groups? Business/labor, public interest, single issue, equality,
Which type of interest group usually has the most resources?
What are some problems for non-economic interest groups? Inequality of resources $, unequal access to decision makers, free-riders
Who is a free rider? Someone who benefits from interest groups but doesn't contribute
What are tactics of interest groups? Lobbying, litigation, mobilizing public support
Lobbyists try to influence? Policy makers – legislators, bureaucrats, the White House, & courts
When different interest groups combine it is known as? coalition lobbying
What benefits do lobbyists provide for Congress? Draft memos / bills, provide expertise
What’s the difference between political parties and interest groups? Parties focus on getting candidates elected, interest groups focus on issues
What do interest groups do? 1. Educate voters & office holders, 2. draft legislation, 3. pressure lawmakers, 4. provide expertise on policy
Interest groups hire these professionals to influence policy on their behalf? Lobbyists
What is the "revolving door" of Washington? Policy makers such as members of Congress & White House advisers become lobbyists
These are groups of organized workers? Unions
This interest group has fought for women’s issues? NOW
Name an interest group that was influential in the Civil Rights movement for African Americans? NAACP, Urban League,
Over the past few decades there has been a rapid rise in these types of interest groups? Environmental
This is the name given to institutions that connect voters with the government? Linkage institutions
What three institutions make up these groups? Political parties, mass media, interest groups
This is the name given to interest groups, bureaucrats, and congressional committees that work together on policy and laws? Iron triangles
Because of the rise in number and influence of interest groups this is the name given to large numbers of officials and interests that come together to address policy? Issue networks
What are some different types of interest groups? Business/labor, public interest, single issue, equality,
Which type of interest group usually has the most resources?
What are some problems for non-economic interest groups? Inequality of resources $, unequal access to decision makers, free-riders
Who is a free rider? Someone who benefits from interest groups but doesn't contribute
What are tactics of interest groups? Lobbying, litigation, mobilizing public support
Lobbyists try to influence? Policy makers – legislators, bureaucrats, the White House, & courts
When different interest groups combine it is known as? coalition lobbying
What benefits do lobbyists provide for Congress? Draft memos / bills, provide expertise
Wednesday 1/15: Define "political socialization": the process of developing your political ideology. |
List the three biggest “primary sources” of political socialization? Family, church, school | List three “secondary sources” of political socialization? Peers, media, public figures
Around what fraction of Americans identify with the two major parties? 2/3rds
How are people on the left of the political spectrum often labelled? Liberal
What phrase describes the consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy? political ideology
People who favor limited government and traditional values and lifestyles are often described politically as? Conservatives
Economic conservatives often value? Lower taxes & business regulations
How would you describe people who favor same-sex marriage, minority rights, and gun restrictions? Social liberal
Lower income Americans tend to be? Liberal
This type of opinion poll asks people the same questions over a period of time? Tracking poll
In order for a poll to be accurate it must have? large diverse "sampling" & non-biased questions
This poll asks voters who they voted for on election day? Exit polls
Most polls allow for a plus or minus margin of error of how many points? 3%
Media’s fixation on opinion polls during an election is often described as? Horse racing
What impact does polling have? It tells politicians where to campaign and what issues are important
List the three biggest “primary sources” of political socialization? Family, church, school | List three “secondary sources” of political socialization? Peers, media, public figures
Around what fraction of Americans identify with the two major parties? 2/3rds
How are people on the left of the political spectrum often labelled? Liberal
What phrase describes the consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy? political ideology
People who favor limited government and traditional values and lifestyles are often described politically as? Conservatives
Economic conservatives often value? Lower taxes & business regulations
How would you describe people who favor same-sex marriage, minority rights, and gun restrictions? Social liberal
Lower income Americans tend to be? Liberal
This type of opinion poll asks people the same questions over a period of time? Tracking poll
In order for a poll to be accurate it must have? large diverse "sampling" & non-biased questions
This poll asks voters who they voted for on election day? Exit polls
Most polls allow for a plus or minus margin of error of how many points? 3%
Media’s fixation on opinion polls during an election is often described as? Horse racing
What impact does polling have? It tells politicians where to campaign and what issues are important
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Due Thursday 1/9 Reading Guide Below - Quiz: Define "franchise" - the right to vote | What did the 15th Amendment do? Gave African American men the right to vote | This clause from the 14th Amendment has been one of the most widely used to overturn civil rights violations? The Equal Protection Clause | What was the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson of Education? It legalized segregation | What was the impact of Brown v. Board of Ed? It overturned the Plessy precedent and ended de jure segregation | What did the 19th Amendment in 1920 do? Gave women the right to vote | Why might MLK's Letter Birmingham Jail be considered a "foundational document?" It demonstrated that the equal protection clause had not been incorporated in Jim Crow South | What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? Ended legal discrimination | What was the purpose of Title IX? To give equal educational scholarships to women and fight gender discrimination in the workplace | The US Supreme Court case of University of California v. Bakke said this about affirmative action? Schools could not use quotas for purposes of admission | What did the 24th Amendment do? Abolished poll taxes to vote | What did the Voting Rights Act do? 1. Got rid of literacy tests and any other voting restrictions 2. Allowed the federal government to oversee state elections
Monday 12/16: Guided Reading Civil Liberties Continued (below)
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Weds 12/18: Edpuzzle Political Ideology & Socialization: Quiz - What is symbolic free speech? Expressing yourself with more than your words | This case established symbolic free speech? Tinker v. Des Moines | What are some limits on the first amendment? 1. Slander & libel 2. Speech that limits public safety 3. Assemblies that not peaceful | What is incorporation? Extending the Bill of Rights to protections from state governments | Which amendment created incorporation? The 14th | What is due process? Legal requirements of the way the government treats people | What was the significance of Gitlow v. United States? It announced to the states that they must incorporate the Bill of Rights | This case incorporated the 2nd Amendment to state governments? McDonald v. Chicago | What does the 4th Amendment protect people from? Unreasonable search and seizure | What does the 5th Amendment allow? The right to remain silent | What does the 6th Amendment ensure? The right to a lawyer | What does the 8th Amendment protect from? Cruel and unusual punishment | Mapp v. Ohio created the "exclusionary rule." What is the exclusionary rule? Evidence found during an illegal search may not be used in court | What was the outcome of Gideon v. Wainright? It incorporated the right to a lawyer in state cases if you can't afford one | What two rights did Miranda v. Arizona incorporate being informed of? 5th Amendment right to remain silent and 6th Amendment right to a lawyer | What civil liberty was created by Roe v. Wade? The right to privacy | What impact did the Patriot Act have? It limited civil liberties to privacy |
Thursday 12/12 Test Judicial Branch - Worth 5 Grades
Tuesday 12/10 Edpuzzle Landmark Supreme Court Cases - Guided Reading below - Quiz: What Constitutional checks does the president have on the judicial branch? Appointing of federal judges and pardon power | What informal power does the president have over Supreme Court decisions? Deciding how aggressively to execute their decisions | Why is the appointment of Supreme Court and Federal judges such a big deal? They have lifetime tenure and usually serve long after the President's term | What Constitutional checks does the Congress have on the Judicial Branch? 1. Senate must confirm appointments 2. The control the number and jurisdiction of Federal courts 3. Impeachment | What can Congress do if SCOTUS declares a law unconstitutional? 1. Rewrite it without the parts found unconstitutional 2. Propose amendments to the Constitution | What is "senatorial courtesy?" The President will often ask the advice of Senators from a state that has an opening at the local Federal Court level | What is the difference between civil rights and civil liberties? Civil liberties are for individuals - civil rights are for groups of people | What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights and other amendments? To limit the power of the government and protect citizens from tyranny | What five rights are included in the first amendment? Freedom of religion, speech, assembly, petition, and the press | What is the "establishment clause" of the first amendment? The government cannot create or favor one religion over another | What idea was the "original intent" of the establishment clause? Separation of church & state | This Supreme court using the establishment clause declared school led prayers unconstitutional in 1962? Engel v. Vitale | What is the "free exercise" clause of the first amendment? the government cannot unreasonably interfere with religious practices | This SCOTUS case said Amish children could drop out of school before the age of 16 as part of their "free exercise" rights? Wisconsin v. Yoder | What is "prior restraint?" When the government attempts to block the publishing of sensitive materials | Which "must know" case involves prior restraint vs. freedom of the press? New York Times Co. vs. the United States | Why was the defendant being sued? They were blocking the publishing of the Pentagon Papers | This case created the clear & present danger concept? Schenck v. United States | What is the clear and present danger test? Information can be censored by the government if it incites others to commit crimes | What special circumstances inspired the court to rule in the defendants favor? The government can often limit rights during times of war |
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Quiz Postponed until Tuesday due to physics field trip Edpuzzle still due- Friday December 6: Edpuzzle judicial decisions -
Due Wednesday December 4th: Guided Notes Below (3 pages don't procrastinate!) Quiz: Who is the lawyer for the US Government in SCOTUS cases? Solicitor General | What bureaucratic agency does this lawyer work for? The Department of Justice | When the SCOTUS reaches a decision what do they release? An opinion | Describe this release: Opinions explain the courts decision and establishes legal precedent | What is the impact of legal precedents? They establish rules or principles for all future court cases | What types of SCOTUS opinions are there? 1. Unanimous 2. Majority 3. Concurring 4. Dissenting | Describe "judicial activism:" When judges/courts use judicial review to overturn laws or precedents | What is the criticism of judicial activists? They are often seem as too political and violating the lawmaking power of legislatures | SCOTUS from 1953 to 1969 is known as one of the most liberal judicial activist courts in US history. What is this court referred to? The Warren Court | What landmark decisions did they rule on? 1. Brown v. Board of Ed 2. Gideon v. Wainright 3. Miranda v. Arizona | What was the impact of these rulings? The expanded civil rights and those accused of a crime | This court is known as one of the most conservative judicial activist courts? The Rehnquist Court | This court got rid of some legal precedents and laws affecting what policies? 1. Affirmative Action 2. Abortion rights 3. Congressional use of the commerce clause | This era decreasing of the scope of the Federal government and returning power to the states in the 70s & 80s was this called? Devolution | What must know AP Gov. case did this court decide? US v. Lopez | Describe the judicial restraint philosophy: to rely on precedent and stare decisis | What does the phrase "original intent" mean in governmental terms? Considering the intentions of the framers of the Constitution
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Due Tuesday November 26: Edpuzzle Judicial Branch
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Thursday 11/21: Edpuzzle Judicial Review - Guided Reading ID's below - What does the Constitution say about the Judicial branch? 1. Created a supreme court 2. Congress can create "inferior courts" 3. Federal judges have lifetime tenure 4. Judges can be impeached | Describe Federalist #78: Hamilton's essay about how the judiciary will be "politically insulated | In what ways is the Supreme Court immune from political pressure? 1. They are appointed not elected 2. They hold their jobs for life 3. They decide what cases they hear | What is a "dual court" system?" The US has Federal & State courts | What are the three levels of courts? Trial, Appeals and Supreme | What is jurisdiction? The power or authority to hear a case | What is an appeal? Asking a higher court to hear your case to determine if you had a fair trial | What is "original jurisdiction?" The power to hear a case first | What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison? It gave The US Supreme & Federal Courts the power of judicial review | What is judicial review? The power to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional | True or false: judicial review is in the US Constitution? False | Supreme Court cases establish legal precedent. What is legal precedent? Establishing a rule or principle that will impact future court cases | Around how many cases are appealed to the US Supreme Court every year? 8,000 | Around how many do they hear? 50 to 100 | What is the "rule of four?" It takes four out of nine justices to decide to hear a case | What is a writ of certiorari? When SCOTUS announces they will hear case they order all of the evidence to review | What is a SCOTUS brief? An outline of the arguments from both sides explaining their arguments | What are amicus curiae briefs? Released by non-involved interest groups explaining why they Supreme Court should rule a certain way | What type of jurisdiction do almost all US Supreme Court cases have? Appellate | What is a typical Supreme Court case about? Constitutional rights |
Tuesday 11/19: Multiple Choice AP Style - The Executive Branch & The Bureaucracy - worth 5 grades
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Friday 11/8: Guided reading IDS below, Quiz:
Wednesday 11/6: FRQ on the 3 Branches. Edpuzzle on Bureaucracy Also start reading ID's below. They are 4 pages due Friday!
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Welcome student for the 2019 / 20 Year!! Want to get a head start? Check out my videos below:
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Due Weds 10/23 Edpuzzle Presidential Powers, Plus Guided Reading below:
| amsco_chapt_4_part_i_borrowed.docx |
Test 10/17 Congress plus review 5 grades
| amsco_guided_reading_ids_chapter_3_congress_part_ii_borrowed.docx |
Friday October 4th: Guided Reading IDS Chapter 3 Part I (below) Congress plus quiz - In Federalist 51 Madison said bicameralism would have this effect: It would create a check on the lawmaking process | How many members of the House of Representatives are there? 435 | What was the original intent of the Framers for the Senate being chosen by state legislatures? The elite Senate would slow down the House which was voted on by the people | Which amendment allowed for the direct election by the people of their US Senators? The 17th | Why is the House sometimes referred to as "the people's house"? They were originally the only body chosen by the people and they serve 2 year terms | What impact does the shorter term of the House have on its members? They often take less political risks because they are always running for reelection | Because the House is the "people's house" what type of Bills must originate there? Tax bills | How is the number of representatives in the House determined per state? The US Census | Determining how many reps a state has is known as? Apportionment | When a state legislature redraws is House districts it is known as this process? Redistricting | The process of redrawing districts has led both parties to focus on gaining seats here? State legislatures | Define "Gerrymandering:" redrawing a Congressional district to favor one of the political parties | What did SCOTUS mandate in the case of Baker v. Carr? Each Congressional district must represent the same number of people | What is Baker v. Carr often referred to as? the "one man one vote" case | In this SCOTUS case the court ruled against racial gerrymandering? Shaw v. Reno | Gerrymandered districts are often referred to as this? "Safe seats" | What are some of the downfalls of Gerrymandering? Increased partisanship and constituents from the minority party aren't represented | How long is the Senate's term? 6 years | What impact does the term of the Senate have on its members? They can make politically risky decisions early in their terms | How does the different size and make up of their constituencies often impact Senators vs. member of the House: Senators tend to be more moderate while House members more partisan
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Friday: I posted a new Edpuzzle on How to make a law (apparently the other one was whacked.) If you already did it I gave you an A. If not do the new one for Congress plus the other homework below:
Friday 9/27 Quiz: Define "dual federalism:" the idea the state and federal governments should not mix responsibilities or policies | When did dual federalism mostly exist in America? From the beginning until FDR's New Deal / Great Depression | What is the nickname of dual federalism? Layer Cake |This amendment states that "no state shall deny due process... or equal protection under the law? The 14th | What was the impact of this amendment? It made the Bill of Rights apply to state governments | Making federal rights apply to state governments is known as what? Incorporation | What was the impact of the SCOTUS case McDonald v. Chicago? It incorporated the 2nd Amendment to state governments | What did the 16th Amendment impose during the Progressive Era? A national income tax | What did the 17th Amendment do? Took the power to elect US Senators away from state legislatures and gave it to the people | What acts and concepts passed by FDR's New Deal greatly expanded the Federal Government's Role? Social security, a federal minimum wage, and the acknowledgement that almost all trade was "interstate" | After FDR America shifted to this type of federalism? Cooperative | What is the nickname of this new type of federalism and what did it imply? Marble Cake - that all three levels of government would work together | The Federal Government used this constitutional clause to fight racial discrimination? The interstate commerce clause | This law infringed on some states reserved powers over elections? The Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society program instituted these types of federal programs? Welfare | What famous LBJ Great Society programs make up a huge portion of the federal budget? Medicare & Medicaid |
Weds 9/25 Test on everything we've covered up to Federalism - Worth 5 grades - Watch this bald headed Mr. Raymond wanna be below
Due Friday 10/25 - (yes I know you don't have school Friday so do it early - insert shocked / angry student emoji) Edpuzzle Crash Course Informal Presidential powers
Thursday 9/19 Guided Reading AMSCO Chapter 2 Federalism Part II below. Complete progress check on APClassroom.
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Tuesday 9/17: Guided Reading AMSCO Chapter 2 Federalism below - Quiz: This act of Congress supported by President Bush demonstrated how the Federal government has been intruding into traditional state responsibilities? No Child Left Behind | How did this law symbolize this shift? Education is a reserved or state power/responsibility | What are systems of government? Models for how power is distributed between central and regional governments | In this system of government the central or national government creates laws and policies for the entire nation and have the ultimate authority? Unitary system | What is a confederacy? A system in which regional governments have all of the power | What did Madison & Hamilton argue in the Federalist papers would be the impact of Federalism? Sharing powers & responsibilities between the national & state governments would provide another check on federal power | What are powers that are shared between the national & state governments called? Concurrent powers | Give two examples of these shared powers? Making laws & taxing | What are state powers called? Reserved powers. Which amendment stated that powers not given to the Federal government are saved for the state governments? the 10th Amendment | What US Constitutional Clause often comes into conflict with this amendment? The necessary & proper clause | Give three examples of traditional state powers & responsibilities: Marriage, elections, licences | This denied power in the US Constitution states that the federal government cannot pass a law after a crime has been committed and go back and charge people for it? Ex post facto laws | In articles IV of the Constitution this clause mandates that states respect each others laws? Full Faith & Credit Clause | What modern issue demonstrated issues than impact this clause? Same-sex marriage | What supreme court case allowed the Federal government to create a national bank? McColloch v. Maryland | The decision in this case was a upheld what two constitutional clauses: The Necessary & Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause
Friday 9/13: Edpuzzle on Federalism - plus quiz - What were two ways the Constitution fixed weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? It enabled the US Congress to collect taxes and created three branches to enforce & interpret the law. | How does "separation of powers" protect against tyranny? By dividing powers between the three branches it ensures no part of the government becomes too powerful | List one "check" each branch has on another: answers will vary | Explain the impeachment process: Step 1: the House of Representatives can vote by a simple majority to impeach Step 2: the Senate holds the trial and can remove an official by a 2/3rds majority vote. | What constitutional concepts does Madison's Federalist #51 address? Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances | In Federalist #51 Madison admits that government officials are not "angels" and therefore "external" & "internal controls" are necessary. What are the external controls? The People. What are the internal controls? Checks and balances | In Fed. #51 Madison explains that Federalism is another check on federal power. What is "federalism?" Powers are shared between the national and state governments. | How are amendments passed? Proposed by 2/3rds of Congress and ratified by 3/4ths of the states | What are enumerated powers? Congressional powers listed in the Constitution | The last enumerated power can be controversial and allow Congress to stretch their powers. What is this clause? The Necessary & Proper Clause. What is the nickname of this clause? The Elastic Clause | This clause gives the US Constitution and federal laws precedence over state laws? The Supremacy Clause | Brutus #1 completely contradicts this other foundational document? Federalist #10. What clauses did Brutus think would give the federal government "uncontrollable power?" The Necessary & Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause | Being an Anti-Federalist what level of government did Brutus think most governing should take place at? The state level
Wednesday September 11th: Quiz What were the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? 1. Lacked the power to tax, 2. Lacked the power to enforce the law, 3 Lacked the power to regulate commerce, 4. Only one branch of government. | This event proved to American's that the Articles was too weak? Shays' Rebellion. Under the Articles of Confederation what level had all of the sovereignty? The states | Who was nicknamed the "Father of the Constitution?" James Madison | What other delegates made up the "Grand Committee" at the Constitutional Convention? George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, & Alexander Hamilton | Who was missing from the Constitutional Convention? Thomas Jefferson and John Adams | What was the difference Virginia Plan & The New Jersey Plan? Virginia wanted a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses based on population while the New Jersey wanted a unicameral with equal representation | How did the Great (Connecticut) Compromise solve the dispute? Created our current Congress with the Senate based on equal representation and the House of Representatives based on population | What compromise was made on choosing the executive or president? The Electoral College | How does the Electoral College work? The winner of the general election is supposed to get all of that states electoral votes which is based on population. | What was the 3/5ths Compromise? Slaves would count towards three fifths of a states population when determining representation in Congress and taxes. | What other compromise on slavery was made? The importation of slaves would end after 20 years. What major dispute at the Constitutional Convention continues to be debated to this day? Federal vs. State powers
Thursday September 5th & Friday the 6th: Looks like storm is missing us, but be safe! Maybe they'll cancel school Tuesday but... Guided reading below, new Edpuzzle and quiz:
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| amsco_guided_reading_ids_part_ii.docx |
Thursday August 29th: Period 1 join class on EdpuzzlePeriod 1 - Code wippebe - Period 6 - Edpuzzle - saiwona - and complete the Edpuzzle on Principles of the Constitution - Quiz Multiple Choice on everything we have learned so far!
Tuesday August 27th: Finish the AMSCO Reading IDS below & Quiz: What impact did Citizens United v. the FEC have? it created "SuperPACS"| Citizens United established that campaign donations were protected under this right? Freedom of speech | What theory or model of democracy would Citizens United encourage or augment? Elite Theory | What two examples did the Framers of the Constitution establish that showed they didn't trust the "common man?" The Electoral College & US Senators being chosen by state legislatures | Define "natural rights" - ones not dependent on governments but provided by God or nature | Define "popular sovereignty" - the people are the source of government power | Define "republicanism" - a government run by elected representatives | Define social contract" - an implied agreement where the people give up certain rights in exchange for protection by the government | What line from the Declaration of Independence can we find the concept of "popular sovereignty? "governments are instituted among men, deriving their powers from the consent of the governed." | What Enlightenment philosopher inspired Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence? John Locke | What natural rights are found in the Declaration of Independence? Life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness. | What influence did Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu provide? The concept of separation of powers into three branches | What did Jefferson say the people have the right to do to a government who breaks the social contract? "Alter or abolish it" |
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Friday August 23rd - Quiz: Turn in guided reading (below) and take quiz: Define democracy: a system of government where citizens exercise power by voting | Define Republic: a government run by elected representatives | Define Direct-Democracy: when citizens vote on laws and policies. | Where do we find examples of direct-democracy in the U.S.? State referendums, amendments, and initiatives. | Define Participatory Democracy: theory that the people have the power to influence their representatives and policy through their participation in the political process | Define Pluralist Democracy: theory that diverse interest groups will compete for influence leading to compromise | Elite theory of Democracy: theory that elected officials will serve the interests of the privileged in society | Madison's Federalist # 10 said a large republic would tame these? Factions | Madison's Federalist #10 would most closely align with which theory of democracy? Pluralist Theory | Why would Madison's Federalist #10 be most associated with this theory? Madison argued that diverse regional factions would make it impossible for any interest to gain a monopoly on power
Wednesday August 21: Read syllabus. From my website: Google - Mr. Raymond's AP Gov Weebly - this is where you will find your homework so bookmark page. Download syllabus and read. Then go to my homepage send me an email stating that you have read over the syllabus (below) and agree to my policies. If you haven't already purchase AMSCO AP Government and Politics prep book from Perfection Learning (see syllabus.) Start guided Reading Chapter 1 AMSCO File Below (must be written by hand - you do not need to print it out) - Also create flash cards for Thursday / Friday's quiz.
| amsco_guided_reading_borrowed_part_i.docx |
Thesis Based Essay Foundational Documents Khan Academy
Know your court cases: Federalism - McCulloch v. Maryland & US v. Lopez..., Civil Liberties - Engel v. Vitale, Wisconsin v. Yoder, Tinker v. Des Moines, New York Times v. US, Schenck v. US... Incorporation Cases: Gideon v. Wainright, Roe v. Wade, McDonald v. Chicago... Equal Protection: Brown v. Board of Ed... Campaign Finance: Citizens United vs. FEC... Representation/Gerrymandering: Baker v. Carr, Shaw v. Reno... Judicial Review: Marbury v. Madison
This week we will finish our study guide (both below if you want to get a head start)... I need to use last years due to time constraints. Next week will be taking practice test and essays which will determine your grades for the marking period! Winter is here and the White Walkers.... I mean... It's time to get down to business #senioritisisfakenews
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Due Weds 4/17: Edpuzzle Foundational Documents
Also check out the Exam Resources page on my website
We will be working on our AP Study guide that was passed out in class. Make sure you bring it in. If you are missing it download and print a copy below
| ap_exam_review.docx |
Tuesday April 23rd Period 1 first half of test & Wednesday April 24th period 1 finish period 6: complete the study guide above and AP Practice Test worth 5 grades.
Weds April 10: define federalism, concurrent powers, government revenue, federal mandate, categorical grant, & block grant. Give an example of an Unfunded Federal Mandate: Americans With Disabilities Act or Clean Air Act of 1970. What did Federalist #51 argue for? separation of powers & checks and balances. Describe impeachment process - House of Reps brings charges, Senate holds trial.
Due Thursday April 4th: THREE Edpuzzles on Politics
Due Tuesday April 2nd: complete Edpuzzle on Landmarks Supreme Court cases
Due Friday 3/22: Lobbying letter to legislator / policymaker
Tuesday 3/19 Per 1 & Weds 3/20 Per 6: AP Practice Multiple Choice Test (3 Grades) on everything! Do you have a prepbook?! Start using it!!!
Due Thursday 3/14: Edpuzzle Judicial Branch
Due Friday 3/7: Edpuzzle - Bureaucracy
Due Weds. 3/6: Edpuzzle Court Cases
Quiz Thursday 2/28:
Because it plays such a role in politics and the government, the media is sometimes nicknamed? The 4th Branch or Estate
What is the "bully pulpit"? Using the media to go straight to the American people to put pressure on Congress to pass your agenda
What roles does the media play in politics and government? Inform the public, shape public opinion, and links the public with the government
The media plays a role in the process of shaping the people’s political ideologies which is referred to as? political socialization
The media is part of these “institutions” which connect the people with the government? linkage institutions
What other two “institutions” make up linkage institutions? media, political parties, & interest groups
When the media favors one party or candidate over another we describe it as? biased
This “news cooperative” which contributes stories to thousands of news agencies helped introduce non-biased or objective news reporting? Associated Press (AP)
FDR is famous for his long radio addresses known as? Fireside chats
This famous presidential debate between Nixon & Kennedy demonstrated the power of? Television
Who are the “Big Three?” ABC, CBS, NBC
What are some criticisms of broadcast news? 1. too short. 2. Sound bites - not in-depth coverage. 3. Sound bites. 4. "Horse race" coverage - who's ahead in the polls
What is media controlled by a government often referred to as? State run media
The media plays this “role” of keeping an eye on the government? Watchdog role
Coverage of these two events demonstrated the power of the “watchdog role?” Watergate & Vietnam Wars
What are news outlets that cater to a specific audience or segment referred to as providing? Narrow-casting
Media’s fixation on scandals sometimes gives them this nickname? Junkyard dog
Unlike the friendly relationship between FDR and the media, the relationship between politicians and the media today is often described as? "adversarial"
This is the nickname given to executives, editors, and reporters who decide what news gets covered? "gatekeepers"
What is the problem with relying exclusively on news provided by some internet sources? Non-reliable or fact checked
How has media contributed to “candidate-centered” campaigns? Focusing on scandals, gaffes, and lifestyle
Which branch has benefited in prestige and therefore power based on media focus? Executive
When does Congress receive the most media attention? Oversight hearings
This non-profit news outlet provides unedited coverage of Congress? CSPAN
What was the purpose of the Motor Voter Law? To make it easier for people to register to vote
During economic depressions or recessions this type of economics says the government should step in and spend more money? Keynesian Economics
Which political party is more likely to support this "supply side" economics? The Democrats
How is the people's voice limited in the electoral college? The popular vote does not determine the winner. Each states vote are based on winner takes all.
Define federalism: power shared between the national & state governments as defined by expressed powers in the constitution and the 10th amendment which reserves powers to the states
Give one example of a specific "check" one branch has on another
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do? Got rid of literacy tests and allowed the federal government to oversee state voter discrimination
Who chose senators before the 17th amendment? State legislatures
Because it plays such a role in politics and the government, the media is sometimes nicknamed? The 4th Branch or Estate
What is the "bully pulpit"? Using the media to go straight to the American people to put pressure on Congress to pass your agenda
What roles does the media play in politics and government? Inform the public, shape public opinion, and links the public with the government
The media plays a role in the process of shaping the people’s political ideologies which is referred to as? political socialization
The media is part of these “institutions” which connect the people with the government? linkage institutions
What other two “institutions” make up linkage institutions? media, political parties, & interest groups
When the media favors one party or candidate over another we describe it as? biased
This “news cooperative” which contributes stories to thousands of news agencies helped introduce non-biased or objective news reporting? Associated Press (AP)
FDR is famous for his long radio addresses known as? Fireside chats
This famous presidential debate between Nixon & Kennedy demonstrated the power of? Television
Who are the “Big Three?” ABC, CBS, NBC
What are some criticisms of broadcast news? 1. too short. 2. Sound bites - not in-depth coverage. 3. Sound bites. 4. "Horse race" coverage - who's ahead in the polls
What is media controlled by a government often referred to as? State run media
The media plays this “role” of keeping an eye on the government? Watchdog role
Coverage of these two events demonstrated the power of the “watchdog role?” Watergate & Vietnam Wars
What are news outlets that cater to a specific audience or segment referred to as providing? Narrow-casting
Media’s fixation on scandals sometimes gives them this nickname? Junkyard dog
Unlike the friendly relationship between FDR and the media, the relationship between politicians and the media today is often described as? "adversarial"
This is the nickname given to executives, editors, and reporters who decide what news gets covered? "gatekeepers"
What is the problem with relying exclusively on news provided by some internet sources? Non-reliable or fact checked
How has media contributed to “candidate-centered” campaigns? Focusing on scandals, gaffes, and lifestyle
Which branch has benefited in prestige and therefore power based on media focus? Executive
When does Congress receive the most media attention? Oversight hearings
This non-profit news outlet provides unedited coverage of Congress? CSPAN
What was the purpose of the Motor Voter Law? To make it easier for people to register to vote
During economic depressions or recessions this type of economics says the government should step in and spend more money? Keynesian Economics
Which political party is more likely to support this "supply side" economics? The Democrats
How is the people's voice limited in the electoral college? The popular vote does not determine the winner. Each states vote are based on winner takes all.
Define federalism: power shared between the national & state governments as defined by expressed powers in the constitution and the 10th amendment which reserves powers to the states
Give one example of a specific "check" one branch has on another
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do? Got rid of literacy tests and allowed the federal government to oversee state voter discrimination
Who chose senators before the 17th amendment? State legislatures
Tuesday 2/26: Practice AP Gov Test worth 3 grades- ON EVERYTHING!!
Due Friday 2/22: Edpuzzle the Executive Branch
Tuesday Feb 19th : Edpuzzle Congress
Due Wednesday 2/13: Edpuzzle The Constitution - FRQ Politics & more
Friday 2/15: Quiz: What’s the difference between political parties and interest groups?
What do interest groups do? Educate voters & office holders, draft legislation, pressure lawmakers, work with legislators
Interest groups hire these professionals to influence policy on their behalf? Lobbyists
What is the "revolving door" of Washington? Policy makers such as members of Congress & White House advisers become lobbyists & vice versa
These are groups of organized workers? Unions
This interest group has fought for women’s issues? NOW
Name an interest group that was influential in the Civil Rights movement for African Americans? NAACP, Urban League,
Over the past few decades there has been a rapid rise in these types of interest groups? Environmental
This is the name given to institutions that connect voters with the government? Linkage institutions
What three institutions make up linkage institutions? Political parties, mass media, interest groups
This is the name given to interest groups, bureaucrats, and congressional committees that work together on policy and laws? Iron triangles
Because of the rise in number and influence of interest groups this is the name given to large numbers of officials and interests that come together to address policy? Issue networks
What are some different types of interest groups? Business/labor, public interest, single issue, equality,
Which type of interest group usually has the most resources?
What are some problems for non-economic interest groups? Inequality of resources $, unequal access to decision makers, free-riders
Who is a free rider? Someone who benefits from interest groups but doesn't contribute
What are tactics of interest groups? Lobbying, litigation, mobilizing public support
Lobbyists try to influence? Policy makers – legislators, bureaucrats, the White House, & courts
When different interest groups combine it is known as?
What benefits do lobbyists provide for Congress? Draft memos / bills, provide expertise
What is a 401K? a retirement plan in which employees & employers contribute
Why are pensions dying? because people are living too long
Why is real estate usually a sound investment? Because values of home mostly rise over time due to inflation
What do interest groups do? Educate voters & office holders, draft legislation, pressure lawmakers, work with legislators
Interest groups hire these professionals to influence policy on their behalf? Lobbyists
What is the "revolving door" of Washington? Policy makers such as members of Congress & White House advisers become lobbyists & vice versa
These are groups of organized workers? Unions
This interest group has fought for women’s issues? NOW
Name an interest group that was influential in the Civil Rights movement for African Americans? NAACP, Urban League,
Over the past few decades there has been a rapid rise in these types of interest groups? Environmental
This is the name given to institutions that connect voters with the government? Linkage institutions
What three institutions make up linkage institutions? Political parties, mass media, interest groups
This is the name given to interest groups, bureaucrats, and congressional committees that work together on policy and laws? Iron triangles
Because of the rise in number and influence of interest groups this is the name given to large numbers of officials and interests that come together to address policy? Issue networks
What are some different types of interest groups? Business/labor, public interest, single issue, equality,
Which type of interest group usually has the most resources?
What are some problems for non-economic interest groups? Inequality of resources $, unequal access to decision makers, free-riders
Who is a free rider? Someone who benefits from interest groups but doesn't contribute
What are tactics of interest groups? Lobbying, litigation, mobilizing public support
Lobbyists try to influence? Policy makers – legislators, bureaucrats, the White House, & courts
When different interest groups combine it is known as?
What benefits do lobbyists provide for Congress? Draft memos / bills, provide expertise
What is a 401K? a retirement plan in which employees & employers contribute
Why are pensions dying? because people are living too long
Why is real estate usually a sound investment? Because values of home mostly rise over time due to inflation
Due February 6th: Economic PowerPoint project (worth 3 grades). Be sure to breakdown your information into bullet points. Include photos and current events related to your topic. email finished projects to: [email protected]
Quiz Thursday Feb 7:
In the 2012 presidential election, around what percentage of American voters showed up at the polls?
What word do we use to describe all of the eligible voters?
Are elections enumerated powers or reserved powers?
What does that mean?
This amendment gave women the right to vote?
This amendment gave women the right to vote?
This amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18?
Early voter fraud led to this election practice?
True or False: the United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates in the world?
What are some of the reasons that so many American don’t vote?
This law was meant to make it easier to register to vote?
When people feel that their vote doesn’t matter, we describe it as?
How do we describe people who lack interest in elections?
Who are the least likely segments of America to vote?
Other than voting what are some other “conventional” ways of participating in elections?
What would be an “unconventional” way of participating in politics?
In the 2012 presidential election, around what percentage of American voters showed up at the polls?
What word do we use to describe all of the eligible voters?
Are elections enumerated powers or reserved powers?
What does that mean?
This amendment gave women the right to vote?
This amendment gave women the right to vote?
This amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18?
Early voter fraud led to this election practice?
True or False: the United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates in the world?
What are some of the reasons that so many American don’t vote?
This law was meant to make it easier to register to vote?
When people feel that their vote doesn’t matter, we describe it as?
How do we describe people who lack interest in elections?
Who are the least likely segments of America to vote?
Other than voting what are some other “conventional” ways of participating in elections?
What would be an “unconventional” way of participating in politics?
Quiz Weds Jan. 30:
Define "political socialization": the process of developing your political ideology.
List the three biggest “primary sources” of political socialization?
List three “secondary sources” of political socialization?
Around what fraction of Americans identify with the two major parties?
How are people on the left of the political spectrum often labelled?
What phrase describes the consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy?
People who favor limited government and traditional values and lifestyles are often described politically as?
Economic conservatives often value?
How would you describe people who favor same-sex marriage, minority rights, and gun restrictions?
Lower income Americans tend to be?
This type of opinion poll asks people the same questions over a period of time?
In order for a poll to be accurate it must be?
Most polls allow for a plus or minus margin of error of how many points?
Media’s fixation on opinion polls during an election is often described as?
Define "political socialization": the process of developing your political ideology.
List the three biggest “primary sources” of political socialization?
List three “secondary sources” of political socialization?
Around what fraction of Americans identify with the two major parties?
How are people on the left of the political spectrum often labelled?
What phrase describes the consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy?
People who favor limited government and traditional values and lifestyles are often described politically as?
Economic conservatives often value?
How would you describe people who favor same-sex marriage, minority rights, and gun restrictions?
Lower income Americans tend to be?
This type of opinion poll asks people the same questions over a period of time?
In order for a poll to be accurate it must be?
Most polls allow for a plus or minus margin of error of how many points?
Media’s fixation on opinion polls during an election is often described as?
Due Thursday 1/24: Edpuzzle political parties
Due Tuesday 1/22: Edpuzzle Political Socialization
Quiz Wednesday 1/17- Define establishment clause: US government cannot support any religion. What Supreme Court claimed that school prayer violated the establishment clause? Engel v. Vitale. What is the Free Exercise Clause? citizens can practice their religion without unreasonable government interference. This case said that Amish students would be able to drop out of school after 8th grade due to the Free Exercise Clause? Wisconsin v. Yoder. This case stated that speech could be limited during times of emergencies, like war, creating the "clear & present danger" test? Schenck v. United States. Define prior restraint: the government's ability to stop publication of "top secret" information. Which U.S. Supreme Court case allowed the publication of the Pentagon Paper's stating that their must be a strong burden of proof to limit freedom of the press? New York Times v. United States. This free speech case involved students who had been suspended for wearing armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War? Tinker v. Des Moines. This student protest case established the precedent of these 2 types of speech? Symbolic speech & freedom of expression. Define "Incorporation / Selective Incorporation" as it pertains to civil liberties & rights? the 14th Amendment made the Bill of Rights apply to state governments. Which case "incorporated" the 2nd Amendment? McDonald v. Chicago.
Quiz: Thursday Jan 10: Civil Rights - Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896 - Separate but equal - legalized segregation, Brown v. Board of Education 1954- Race-based school segregation violates equal protection clause, Equal protection clause - 14th Amendment: all citizens entitled to "equal protection under the law", What is the difference between civil rights & civil liberties: civil rights protects groups from discrimination based on race, religion, gender, and sexual orientation while civil liberties involves individual protections from the government. 1st Amendment: Freedom of speech, religion, petition, assembly, and the press. 2nd Amendment - right to "bear arms," 4th Amendment - protection from "unreasonable search and seizure," Due Process: fair treatment by the government in judicial and legal matters, MLK Jr.s Letter From a Birmingham Jail - expressed how the "equal protection clause" was still being violated by states, Roe v. Wade: extended the "right to privacy" (which is not in the Bill of Rights) to a woman's decision to have an abortion. 5th Amendment - no "self-incrimination" aka the right to remain silent.
Quiz Wednesday December 19 Worth 2 Grades: Where does most of the supreme court's case come from? appellate jurisdiction, What can not be overruled by judicial review? The Bill of Rights or Constitution!, define judicial activism: when judges use their own opinions to freely strike down laws they disagree with, Why does the president always give the state of the union? Because it's in the Constitution that he/she must! Checks the president has on the judicial branch: appointing judges & enforcing their decisions. Checks that Congress has on the judicial branch: confirming appointed judges & impeachment, Check the judicial branch has on president: judicial review - the power to declare executive orders unconstitutional, Check the judicial branch has on congress - judicial review - the power to declare laws unconstitutional, List two check the executive has over bureaucracy: appoint department heads & issue executive orders they must implement, List two check the Congress has over the bureaucracy: controls their budget (power of the purse) & confirms department heads, What check does the bureaucracy have over all three branches - bureaucratic discretion - the power to implement laws, policies, and decisions as they want. Who is a member of the White House staff? Any "adviser," Line Item Veto is a challenge to what concept? "separation of powers"
Thursday December 13: TEST - worth 4 grades Executive, Bureaucracy, & Judicial Branch
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Friday 12/7: FRQ Bureaucracy
Quiz Wednesday 12/5: - Executive Agreements - unofficial treaties the president makes with other countries without Congressional approval. What was the only court created by The Constitution? The Supreme Court What did Hamilton argue in Federalist 78? The US Supreme Court is politically protected and judicial review is a check on congress. How is the US Supreme Court politically insulated? Judges serve for life, they are appointed not elected. Define jurisdiction: the power to hear a case. Define an appeal: asking a "higher" court to determine if you had a fair trial. Define legal precedent: rulings that effect future rulings or establish policy. Define briefs: written arguments presented by to the US Supreme court laying out why the court should decide their way. Amicus Curia Briefs: "friends of the court" - interest groups who lobby the court to decide a certain way. Opinion: explanation of the court's ruling. What is the importance of "opinions"?: They become legal precedent. Judicial Activists: Judges who use judicial review & decisions to change or establish new policies. What is the criticism of judicial activists? The judges weren't elected. These judges believe in letting laws and previous decisions, dictate current ones? Judicial restrainers. Define "stare decisis": "let the decision stand" - judges should adhere to precedent.
Thursday 11/29: Quiz: What tasks are performed by bureaucratic agencies and departments? writing & enforcing regulations, issuing fines, and testifying before Congress. Why are some of these tasks controversial? They have the power of the three branches of government without being elected. How can an agency like the EPA act like a legislative body? passing regulations. How can an independent regulatory commission Securities & Exchange Commission act like an executive body? Catching those who break financial regulations. How does the EPA act like a judicial body? issuing fines What is another name often given to bureaucrats? civil servants. In the old days bureaucrats were often given their jobs using the "patronage system." These old appointments were based on? political favors. This act was meant to make appointment based on merit? The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. What two "checks" does Congress have on the bureaucracy? Power of the purse & oversight hearings. What two "checks" does the President have over the bureaucracy? appointment power & executive orders. These three bodies make up what are known as "Iron Triangles?" Bureaucrats, Congress, & Interest Groups
Over Thanksgiving Break (Due Monday 11/26): Edpuzzle on the Judicial Branch
Friday 11/16: Edpuzzle Bureaucracy
Quiz + FRQ on the Executive Wednesday 11/14: This amendment limits the president to two terms? 22nd. President's often use the State of Union to do this? suggest new policies and laws. What is it called when the president tries to put pressure on Congress for policies by going directly to the people? Using the "bully pulpit." What is the beginning of the presidents term called in which they usually have high approval ratings? The Honeymoon Period. Congress usually feels pressure to pass legislation the president campaigned on under the concept that "the people have spoken," known as? Presidential Mandate. Because of this system in the electoral college, close elections often exaggerate this notion that "the people have spoken? Winner-takes-all. Define "bureaucracy:" non-elected governmental officials that help administer policy
| reading_guide_chapter_13_bureaucracy.docx |
Due/Quiz Friday November 9: read chapter 13 and complete the guided notes below on the Bureaucracy ALSO QUIZ Who draws the lines of Congressional districts? State legislatures! What is the president's role in the budget process? Executive writes the budget BUT must be approved by Congress. The Congressional Budget & Impoundment Act did this? made sure the executive spent money on programs that Congress appropriated it for. This act limited the president's war-making ability? War Powers Resolution Act of 1973. How long does the president have under this act to use military force w/o Congressional approval? 60 to 90 days. What check does the judicial branch have on the president? Executive orders or actions can be declared unconstitutional. Define "divided government. A divided government has this effect on presidential appointments? The Senate can slow or stop their approval. List the two steps to impeach a president, judge, or appointed official? House must vote by a simple majority to impeach, and the Senate must find the official guilty by a 2/3rds vote. As Commander-in-Chief, the president has this power? Deciding where to deploy troops. Vice presidential candidates are often chosen to provide this? "balance the ticket". Define the Cabinet: advisers to the president and heads of the 15 executive departments. What issue do some presidents have with cabinet officials? Members have divided loyalty between the prez and their department. The number of electors a state has in the Electoral College is equal to this? the number of representatives they have in Congress. What is the number of electoral votes a presidential candidate needs to win? 270.
Wednesday October 31: Test on Congress worth 4 grades AP Style multiple choice with FRQ (Period 1 will take multiple choice test Tuesday & FRQ Wednesday)
| 10_-_congress.pdf |
Quiz Executive Branch Friday November 2: Formal powers, List 5 Formal powers of the President: Veto, Appointments, Treaties, Commander-in-Chief, pardon, diplomat, List 5 informal powers of the President executive agreement, executive orders, signing statement, waging war without declaring it, suggesting laws. Identify Federalist #70: Alexander Hamilton's defense of a strong executive, List the pros and cons of Executive Orders: pro - does not need Congressional approval - con- can be overturned by the next president, List 2 ways the president acts as "chief legislator:" signs/vetos laws, suggests laws, The televised "State of the Union speech has had this effect on the presidency: gives the president an outlet to suggest new laws and policies, Identify the impact of the Veto: because they are almost never overridden Congress will usually back down on a law they know the president will veto, Identify "pocket veto:" if president doesn't sign a bill in the last 10 days of a Congressional session the bill does not become law, Describe the "line-item veto": executives can take out provisions of a bill - although found unconstitutional on the national level many governors have this power at the state level.
Due Monday October 29 Edpuzzle - Executive Branch
Guide Notes President Chapter 12 Due Weds 10/25:
| guided_reading_kagan_chapter_12_the_presidency.docx |
Thursday October 18: Edpuzzle on the Executive Branch plus quiz - WORTH 2 Grades: This model of represenatation is when members of Congress do exactly what their constituants want? Delegate Representation, This model is when members of Congress decide policy on their own beliefs and ideals? Trustee Model, What two things does the Senate give their "advice & consent on? presidential appointments & treaties, What does the Constitution say about where "revenue" bills must originate? The House of Reps. Describe the "Power of the Purse" and how it can impact government? Congress controls spending & the budget and can stop executive policies by defunding them. Describe the "impeachment" process? The House of Reps votes on impeachment charges and the Senate holds the trial. How is debate in the two houses different? The house has formal rules on the structure of debate, while the senate is much more flexible. To force a bill out of committee this type of petition can be filed? Discharge petition, This committee writes all tax policies? House Ways & Means Committee. What is the number one determining factor on how a Congressperson will vote on a bill? Party identification. Most bills these days are written by? Lobbyists. Define "divided government": one party controls the Congress and another controls the White House. True or False: this trend has existed throughout our republic? False
Friday October 12: What advantages do incumbents have? Pork barrel projects, track record, name recognition, fundraising, & franking. Why are incumbents more at risk in the Senate? they face higher-profile candidates. What are some problems with "safe seats?" some constituents aren't represented and it leads to bipartisan polarization. Describe Baker vs. Carr 1961: "one person, one vote," districts contain the same amount of people. Describe Shaw vs. Reno 1993: no racial gerrymandering, Define "logrolling:" trading votes to provide political cover, What is the most powerful position in the House of Reps? Speaker of the House. What is the most powerful position in the Senate? majority leader. Who is technically the head of the Senate with a tiebreaker vote? The Vice President. Where is most of the work of Congress done? Standing Committees. What is a standing committee? a permanent committee specializing in one area of policy. What is an advantage of the committee system? it allows simultaneous work on different issues to be done (efficient) and its members to become experts in their specialties. What impact does the committee system and bicameralism have on power in Congress? it is decentralized or fragmented. This committee is tasked with ironing out differences from the two houses on a bill before it is sent to the president? Conference committee
Wednesday October 10: Edpuzzle on Congress
Thursday October 4: complete guided reading - NOTE WE ARE JUMPING AHEAD TO CHAPTER 11 in Textbook Chapter 3 in AMSCO book - complete reading guide, PLUS QUIZ on intro to Congress - Define: incumbent, constituency, pork barrel spending, constituent casework or services, pork barrel spending, reapportionment, redistricting, gerrymandering, filibuster, and cloture.
| guided_reading_congress.docx |
Tuesday October 2: AP Practice Test on everything we have learned - worth 4 grades! - Study your notes, textbook & prep book. I've also put flashcards below (probably have more info than you need)
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Wednesday September 26: complete the Edpuzzle on Congress and Quiz on What constitutional principles were solved by McColloch v. Maryland? Necessary & Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause, Define Full Faith & Credit Clause, Define Dual Federalism, What did the 14th Amendment say about states?, Define Cooperative Federalism, Brown v. Board of Education - Supreme Court declared state laws unconstitutional, FDR's New Deal - expanded federal responsibilities creating Social Security & federal programs, Johnson's Great Society Program - also greatly expanded the size of the welfare programs of the federal government - Medicare, Grants-in-Aid - money the feds provide the states to institute policy, Categorical vs. Block Grants - Categorical are to be used for specific purposes while block grants give the states more flexibility in how the money is spent, Devolution - movement to return power back to the states, New Federalism - devolution movement by Nixon & Reagan, Republican Revolution, Unfunded Mandates - Federal Government creates a policy without giving the states money to pay for it, US v. Lopez - Federal government has stretched the Commerce clause too far
Quiz Thursday September 20: Quiz: What are four constitutional principles that shape federalism? The Supremacy Clause, the interstate commerce clause, the necessary & proper clause, and the 10th Amendment, Define the 10th Amendment: powers not listed for the federal government are reserved to the states, What types of powers are produced by the necessary & proper clause? implied powers, What are powers that are shared between the national & state governments called? Concurrent, What are state powers called? Reserved, What are Congressional Powers listed in the Constitution called? Enumerated powers. List 5 enumerated powers, List three concurrent powers: borrow money, make & enforce laws, create courts, List three state powers/responsibilties: education, marriage, & licenses Plus 2 questions from the guided reading.
| guided_reading_chapter_3_federalism.docx |
Due Tuesday September 18 (Period 6 can bring these on Thursday but you still have quiz below) Complete the reading guide below on Chapter 3 Federalism.
Due Thursday September 13: Edpuzzle on Federalism Quiz Open Response: Federalists - favored a strong central government, Anti-Federalists - favored strong state governments, Brutus #1 - Anti-Federalist essay, feared supremacy and necessary & proper clause gave too much power to the federal government, Federalist 51: Separation of Powers & Checks and Balances, Denied Powers: ex post facto laws and suspending habeas corpus, Anti-Federalists demand: Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution, Federalist Papers: essays written in support of the new constitution, Federalism: division of power between the national and state governments, How to make an amendment: 2/3rds of Congress & 34ths of the states,
| 01_-_foundations_of_the_us_government.pdf |
Due Tuesday September 11th: complete the Edpuzzle on The Constitution.
Thursday September 6th: complete Edpuzzle on Federalist #51 - AP Practice Multiple Choice Quiz ! Below are "flashcards" which cover a lot of the material we have learned - but it also contains more information than you will need.
Wednesday September 5th: complete the Chapter 2 Guided Reading Notes (yes while actually reading the chapter) below BE PREPARED for a quiz on the material from the reading as well as from notes we've taken in class
| chapter_2_guided_reading.docx |
Thursday August 30: complete Edpuzzle on the Constitutional Convention. Quiz: Declaration of Independence, Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, Federalist #10, Constitutional Convention.
Tuesday August 28: join Edpuzzle create account in your full name Period 1 code: nujitiv and Period 6 code disunam- watch video on the Declaration of Independence and answer questions. ALSO you will have a quiz on notes from the first week!
Friday August 24th: Due guided reading (below) MUST BE HAND WRITTEN! Quiz on guided reading and notes from class
| chapter_1_guided_notes.docx |
Last Year's Homework:
| the_ultimate_student_s_guide_to_ap_us_government.pdf |
| ap_government_cram.docx |
| policy_institutions.pptx |
| supreme_court_cases.pptx |
Wednesday April 25 & Thursday April 26: Multiple Choice Test - worth 3 grades - timed 45 minute 60 question test - yes right now is the time to be cramming. Don't leave it until the last minute!! You got this!!
Wednesday April 18 & Thursday April 19: Test 4 FRQs - worth 3 grades - check out AP Centrals previous FRQ's - they will help you immensely not just on FRQs but also multiple choice questions on the AP: apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-united-states-government-and-politics/exam
Tuesday April 10th & Wednesday April 11th: Worth 3 grades - 45 minute 60 question multiple choice test
Quiz Thursday April 5th & Friday April 6th: Quiz Civil Rights - 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments, 14th Amendment's Equal Protection clause, 19th Amendment, Plessy vs. Ferguson, Jim Crow South, Brown v. Board of Education, Busing, de jure segregation, de-facto segregation, Letter from a Birmingham Jail, 24th Amendment - Poll Taxes, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, National Organization for Women, Equal Rights Amendment, Roe v. Wade - Privacy, Americans with Disabilities Act, Affirmative Action, Obergefell v. Hodges
AP Exam Thursday May 10th: check out study packets / guides below
| my_personal_future_planning.pptx |
Tuesday March 20 & Wednesday March 21 have completed "Financial Planner / Yearly Budget" complete. You can email it to: [email protected]. Extra credit if you turn it into a PowerPoint! The PowerPoint with full instructions is below.
Test March 13 & 14 Worth 4.5 Grades Politics: Test questions & FRQ's will be on (there are also a study guides provided below): Party organization, persistence of the two-party system, iron triangles, realignment, critical elections, political socialization, presidential elections, coalition building, amicus curie briefs, campaign finance regulations, primary elections, political parties vs. interest groups, media coverage of elections, "gatekeepers", increasing of independent voters, linkage institutions, closed vs. open primaries, PACS,
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Thursday March 8th & Friday March 9th: AP Gov quiz
Quiz Tuesday March 6 & Wednesday March 7th: What do interest groups/lobbyists provide Congressional committees in an "iron triangle"? Campaign finance & the draft legislation |What do Congressional committees provide interest groups/lobbyists in an "iron triangle"? laws or policies that help their members | What do interest groups/lobbyists provide bureaucratic agencies in an "iron triangle"? Expertise & research | How do interest groups "lobby" the judicial branch/US Supreme Court? By writing "amicus curiae briefs" | How do interest groups pressure presidents/executive branch? campaign donations and meeting with advisers | What role does the media play in politics? inform the public, link the people to the government, and shape public opinion, What is another name for "iron triangles? Issue networks, Why are they now called "issue networks? Because they are so many different interest groups involved Define "horse race journalism": the media pays more attention to who is ahead in the polls than the issues of the candidates
Wednesday 2/28 & Thursday 3/1: Complete the following guided notes. Be sure to comment to receive full credit
| guided_notes_media_in_politics.docx |
Thursday February 22 & Friday Feb 23: Vocab Quiz : Quiz - Linkage Institutions: media, interest groups, political parties | Iron Triangles: Congress, Interest Groups, & Bureaucrats | SuperPACS - can raise unlimited funds for a candidate | Recession - a period of temporary decline in the economy | Federal Reserve - supplies our currency and interest rates | What does the Federal Reserve do during a recession? Lowers interest rates to increase lending | What do interest groups do? Educate voters, pressure lawmakers, and write legislation, Normal unemployment rates - 4 to 6% | Inflation - rise in prices | When does inflation become a problem? When wages don't go up. ALSO: Complete the guided notes for the video below and be sure to comment for full credit
Tuesday Feb 20 & Wednesday Feb 21: AP Practice Quiz - multiple choice former AP Government questions
Quiz Thursday 2/15 & Friday 2/16: Quiz worth 2 grades:
Capitalism – a system in which a countries economy is controlled by private owners rather than the state
Command / planned economy – one controlled by the government
Mixed economy – a capitalist economy with some government regulation
Socialism – certain industries are operated by the government
Communism – all private property is publicly owned
Historical Communist Countries: The Soviet Union, China, & North Korea
GDP or Gross Domestic Product – total value of goods and services provided in a country in one year
Top 5 National GDP’s: US, China, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom
US’s GDP: $19 trillion
Ticket splitting: voting for Democrats & Republicans
Structure of Political Party Organizations: decentralized and fragmented
3 Reasons Parties have lost their power: 1. National conventions, 2. Direct primary, 3. Candidate centered campaigns
Citizens United v. the FEC - created SuperPACs
Capitalism – a system in which a countries economy is controlled by private owners rather than the state
Command / planned economy – one controlled by the government
Mixed economy – a capitalist economy with some government regulation
Socialism – certain industries are operated by the government
Communism – all private property is publicly owned
Historical Communist Countries: The Soviet Union, China, & North Korea
GDP or Gross Domestic Product – total value of goods and services provided in a country in one year
Top 5 National GDP’s: US, China, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom
US’s GDP: $19 trillion
Ticket splitting: voting for Democrats & Republicans
Structure of Political Party Organizations: decentralized and fragmented
3 Reasons Parties have lost their power: 1. National conventions, 2. Direct primary, 3. Candidate centered campaigns
Citizens United v. the FEC - created SuperPACs
Tuesday Feb 13 & Weds Feb 14: AP Quiz also Complete the guided notes from the video below. Be sure to comment to receive full credit
| guided_notes_campaign_finance.docx |
Thursday Feb 8 & Friday Feb 9: Practice AP Gov Quiz PLUS complete the guided notes below. You do not need to comment!
| crash_course_guide_notes_2.docx |
Tues Feb. 6 & Weds Feb 7: Group project (Worth 5 Grades)- create a PowerPoint on your assigned area of Economics. PowerPoint should include: key terms & concepts, themes, examples, pictures, and graphs. Each group will present their PowerPoint during class. Rubric 60% information 40% Presentation. You should be prepared to be experts on your assigned section and to answer questions on your topics. You can bring it on a flash drive, save it on the cloud, or email it to: [email protected]
Quiz Weds Jan 31 & Thursday Feb 1: Quiz - List 3 reasons why we have a Two-Party System - "single member districts," "winner-takes-all elections," state ballot laws. List two presidencies where we saw major political realignment - Abraham Lincoln/Republicans, Franklin D. Roosevelt/Democrats. List a presidency where we saw major de-alignment - LBJ end of the "Solid South." Define Economics - the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Goods - tangible objects, What type of economy has America developed? A service economy
Thursday Jan. 25 & Friday Jan 26: Multiple choice quiz on Party and Political Socialization
Tuesday Jan. 23 & Weds. Jan 24: complete the guided notes below (I've included last weeks which a lot of you didn't do.) Be sure to comment to receive full credit.
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Due Thursday 1/18 & Friday 1/19: Vocab quiz - House Ways & Means Committee - creates and deals with taxes, Divided Government - one one party controls the White House and the other controls the Congress, Incorporation - made the Bill of Rights protection from state governments, 14th Amendment - incorporated Bill of Rights protections to the states, Constituents - people who live in the district that an elected official represents, Electorate - all of the eligible voters, Political socialization - the process in which people get their political beliefs Liberals - government should promote welfare and civil rights. Conservatives - believe in a limited federal government, Appropriation Bills - a bill for government spending, Stare Decisis - theory that judges should adhere to precedents established by previous cases. Also complete the guided notes from the video below. Be sure to comment to receive full credit.
Due Tuesday January 9th & Weds January 10th: You must have purchased a prep book - I would recommend Crash Course if you don't want to do a lot of reading (it's also very cheap - used copies for a $1) or The Princeton Review. THIS IS FOR A GRADE!
Test - AP Practice Multiple Choice - Thurs January 11th & Friday January 12th - Worth 4.5 Grades: on everything we have learned. STUDY!!
Due Tuesday December 19th & Wednesday Dec 20th: Complete the guided notes from the video below. Be sure to comment to receive full credit - Also FRQ Judicial Branch!
| guided_notes_parties_wo_answer_sheet.docx |
Quiz Thursday Dec 14 & Friday Dec 15: Define the following - job of the bureaucracy - implement laws, policies, and regulations, Original jurisdiction - the power of a court to hear a case first, Appellate jurisdiction - the power to hear and rule on a lower court case, appeal - asking a higher court to hear a case, Marbury v. Madison - established judicial review the branches major checks on the other two branches, Judicial Review - power to declare laws unconstitutional, judicial activism - courts that change laws and precedents, judicial restraint - judges who are unlikely to strike down laws as unconstitutional, "stare decisis" - court decisions should be based on precedent, statutes - laws passed by legislatures
I have postponed the test until Tuesday the 12th & Weds the 13th in order to give you time to study. The test will NOT be open note and will be worth three grades. You will have a graded FRQ on the Bureaucracy
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Quiz Tuesday & Wednesday 12/5 & 6 Bureaucracy and complete the guided notes from the video below. Be sure to comment to receive full credit. Quiz Bureaucracy: hierarchical authority - authority follows from the top down, Spoils system - bureaucrats chosen from the politically elite, Pendleton Act - employees chosen on merit, not party loyalty, Cabinet department - head of the 15 executive departments, Cabinet members - appointed by president & confirmed by Congress, Independent regulatory agencies - created to regulate the economy & have the authority of three branches, presidential control of bureaucracy - appointments, executive orders, writes the budget, congressional control of bureaucracy - confirm appointments, the budget, and holding hearings, iron triangles - congressional committees, interest groups, bureaucrats
| guided_notes_judicial_branch.docx |
| exceutive_multi_choice_quiz_i_study_guide.docx |
Quiz Thurs 11/30 & Friday 12/1 (worth 2 grades): multiple choice quiz on the Executive Branch. See study guides below. First one is for the quiz. 2nd for the entire unit.
| 11_-_the_presidency.pdf |
Quiz Tues. 11/28 & Weds. 11/29: Worth 2 grades Define: Executive agreements, Signing statement, executive order, and provide example, Open response & definitions: why are all three controversial?, the Electoral College, "winner-takes-all," 22nd Amendment, 25th Amendment, "bully pulpit," approval ratings, "honeymoon period," name two presidents who have been associated with expansion of executive power and why, what effects a president's approval ratings: national crises, the economy, foreign conflicts, & scandals, list how communication technology has impacted the significance of the presidency.
Monday 11/20 & Tues 11/21: FRQ on Congress & The Executive Branch also Complete the guided notes for the following two videos. Be sure to comment on my video to receive full credit!
Test Thursday 11/16 & Friday 11/17: Test on Congress - worth 3 grades. Study notes, textbook, or test prep book. There is a study guide below. These study guides can be found on the Test Resources page too.
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| 10_-_congress.pdf |
Tuesday 11/14 & Weds 11/15: Formal powers of the President, Informal Powers of the President (executive orders, legislative agenda, executive agreements, signing statements), Executive Orders, State of the Union, Roles of the President, Federalist #70, vetoes, pocket vetoes, signing statements, Congressional Budget Impoundment Act, War Powers Resolution of 1973, checks on the executive, the Cabinet,
Tuesday 11/7 & Wednesday 11/8 Complete the guided notes for the video below. Also be prepared for a graded FRQ on Congress - be sure to study / read up on Congressional Oversight & Constituent Casework
Thursday 11/2 & Friday 11/3: Quiz Part II (worth 2 grades) of Congress: Party Whip, Senate majority leader, Baker v. Carr, Advice & Consent of Senate (Treaties, Pres. Appointments), Impeachment process, Filibuster, House of Reps - revenue bills, House Rules Committee, Discharge Petition, Power of the Purse, Oversight, Fragmentation, President taking leading role on policy?
Tuesday 10/31& Wednesday 11/1: Part One of Congress / Legislative Branch - constituents, advantages of incumbency, Gerrymandering, "pork-barrel projects," "log-rolling,"midterm elections, Speaker-of-the-House, Senate President Pro Temp, Standing Committees, Conference Committees, 17th Amendment,
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Tuesday 10/24 & Wednesday 10/25: There will be a graded FRQ on: direct democracy, republican democracy, trustee model, & delegate model also download and complete the guided notes while watching the video below:
Thursday 10/19 & Friday 10/20: download and complete the attached worksheet while watching the video comment on one thing that you learned for full credit - both below. Also we will have a multiple quiz on Civil Liberties worth 2 grades - Miranda vs. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainright, Mapp v. Ohio, exclusionary rule, 2nd Amendment cases, Griswold v. Connecticut, Roe v. Wade, 14th Amendment - Selective Incorporation, Free exercise clause
All classes Tuesday 10/17 & Wed 10/18: download and complete the guided notes and worksheet while watching the videos - both below:
| guided_notes_civil_lib_adam_norris.docx |
Period 4 Will take this Next Tuesday 10/17 (ALSO SEE BELOW): beginning of chapter 4 - Civil liberties - protections for individuals, Texas vs. Johnson (Flag Burning), Freedom of Religion Establishment Clause, Jefferson "Wall of Separation between Church & State," Engel v. Vitale - no school prayer, Freedom of Religion Free Exercise Clause, Wisconsin v. Yoder, Dangerous Speech: Schenck v. United States - "Clear & Present Danger Test," Prior Restraint, New York Times vs. United States
Thursday 10/12 & Friday 10/13: Test Unit 1 Constitutional Underpinnings Chapters 1 - 3 worth 4 Grades - Download Study Guide Below
| unit_1_study_guide.docx |
Quiz Thursday Oct. 5 & Friday Oct.6 : Quiz on all of Federalism including: 14th Amendment - Incorporation, 17th Amendment - Senators elected by people, FDR - New Deal: Expanded Federal PowerPoint, Cooperative Federalism, Brown v. Board Education, Johnson's Great Society, Fiscal Federalism, Devolution, block grants, categorical grants, unfunded mandates, and more!
Due Tuesday 10/3 & Wednesday 10/4: Complete the Guided Notes while watching the video below. You do not need to comment - No quiz Tuesday & Wednesday - start studying for your big test at the end of next week (download study guide below)
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Quiz Thursday & Friday 9/28 & 9/29: Concurrent powers, Reserved Powers, 10th Amendment, Supremacy Clause, Necessary & Proper Clause, Full Faith & Credit Clause, Privileges & Immunities Clauses, Strict Constructionist, Gibbons v. Ogden, Dual Federalism, 14th Amendment, Plessy v. Ferguson,
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Due: Wednesday August 23rd. Read and show syllabus to your parents or guardians. Return signed by you and your parents with their email addresses.
Thursday August 24th & Friday August 25th: read a current event article and write a minimum or 3/4th of a page typed or one full page hand written concerning the U.S. Government. It could be the government's response to a foreign or domestic issue. You can use any "reputable" publication (Time Magazine, the New York Times, the Miami Herald, Wall Street Journal, CNN.com, FoxNews.com, etc.) Be sure to include the name of the article, author, and date. You may email your essay, print, or write by hand.
By Monday August 28 & Tuesday August 29th: SEE HOMEWORK BELOW FOR TUESDAY as well Read the SECOND chapter of your text book. Read chapter 3 for the following Monday & Tuesday. Also expect quiz on the review questions from our guided notes & the video below:
Tuesday August 29 & Wednesday August 30: Download (or view) the guided notes below. Fill out the blanks while you are watching the videos below.
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Thursday August 31 & Friday September 1: Quiz Worth two grades: Part I: I will give you the following terms and you will need to write the correct terms Part II: Multiple Choice & Open Response Questions on Chapter 2
Direct democracy - all of the citizens make decisions on laws and policies
Examples of direct democracy - New England town meetings, and referendums
Republic - representative democracy
Representative democracy - the people vote for officials to govern them
Elite Theory - the wealthy rule the government
Pluralism - a balance is reached between competing interest groups
Majority rule - 50% + 1 hold the power which must be respected
Minority rights - the losing side of an election have rights which must be protected
Voter apathy - lack of interest in elections
Least likely to vote - young adults
Direct democracy - all of the citizens make decisions on laws and policies
Examples of direct democracy - New England town meetings, and referendums
Republic - representative democracy
Representative democracy - the people vote for officials to govern them
Elite Theory - the wealthy rule the government
Pluralism - a balance is reached between competing interest groups
Majority rule - 50% + 1 hold the power which must be respected
Minority rights - the losing side of an election have rights which must be protected
Voter apathy - lack of interest in elections
Least likely to vote - young adults
Tuesday September 5 & Wednesday September 6: complete the guided notes from the videos (both below). Comment on one thing that you learned in order to receive full credit. Expect Quiz on guided notes and reading.
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DUE to STORM YOUR QUIZ Has BEEN Rescheduled to Wednesy September 21 & Friday Sept. 22 YOU ALSO HAVE GUIDED NOTES DUE THAT DAY SEE BELOW : Quiz Worth 2 Grades: Part I memorize vocabulary Part II Multiple Choice questions (warning expect a few questions from Chapter 3.)
Vocab:
Magna Carta - signed in 1215 it introduced the concept of limited government and separation of powers
English Bill of Rights - introduced the concept of protections from the government
John Locke - natural rights, social contract, if governments break it they should be removed
Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence - unalienable rights, consent of the governed, alter or abolish government
Montesquieu - separation of power into three branches
Mayflower Compact - social contract theory
House of Burgesses - self-government & representative legislatures
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation - no power to tax, or regulate commerce between the states or enforce the laws
Virginia Plan - bicameral legislature, both based on population
New Jersey Plan - unicameral legislature with equal representation
Great (Connecticut) Compromise - Senate with equal representation, House of Reps based on population
3/5ths Compromise - counting slaves towards representation and taxation
Vocab:
Magna Carta - signed in 1215 it introduced the concept of limited government and separation of powers
English Bill of Rights - introduced the concept of protections from the government
John Locke - natural rights, social contract, if governments break it they should be removed
Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence - unalienable rights, consent of the governed, alter or abolish government
Montesquieu - separation of power into three branches
Mayflower Compact - social contract theory
House of Burgesses - self-government & representative legislatures
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation - no power to tax, or regulate commerce between the states or enforce the laws
Virginia Plan - bicameral legislature, both based on population
New Jersey Plan - unicameral legislature with equal representation
Great (Connecticut) Compromise - Senate with equal representation, House of Reps based on population
3/5ths Compromise - counting slaves towards representation and taxation
Thursday September 21 & Friday September 22: Also Complete guided notes from video below. You don't need to comment!
| ap-gov-review-video-5-federalism.docx |
Tuesday the 26th & Wednesday the 27th: Guided notes below as well as a Multiple choice quiz questions on: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists, Federalist #10, Federalist # 51, the Amendment Process, Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Checks & Balances, Federal System, and Federalism.
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