Quizzes 2023/2024:

Quiz Thurs 9/28 & Friday 9/29:

1. What event is credited with starting the Reformation? The nailing of Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis to the church door in 1517
2. What other events were happening during the Reformation? The Renaissance, the New Monarchs, and the Age of Exploration
3. Northern Religious Reformers during the Renaissance were referred to as: Christian Humanists
4. What is the quote about Erasmus that shows the Renaissance’s influence on the Reformation: “Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched”
5. What is doctrine? Religious beliefs and teachings
6. Luther believed in sola Scriptura or faith alone gets you into heaven. What is his concept of the true path to salvation? That all church doctrine must come from the Bible
7. Why was the pope so concerned with selling indulgences? He wanted to build St. Peter’s Basilica
8. What spread Luther’s ideas so wide? The Printing Press
9. What were “the people” told paying indulgences would do? Shorten their time in purgatory

Old Quizzes:

Quiz Tuesday 9/19 & Weds 9/20:

What were two causes of the price revolution and inflation? An influx of precious metals and a rise in population
What impact did the commercial revolution have? It increased social mobility and led to a monetary-based economy
How did the new classes of the commercial revolution differ from medieval times? Based on wealth, not family lineage
How did an excess of capital drive the commercial revolution? The wealthy had money to invest in new businesses
What part of Europe experienced the early-modern commercial revolution? North-Western
Why did populations increase dramatically during the early modern era?
1. New food sources
2. Bubonic plague was over
3. End of the mini-ace age
What impact did the rising population have on the economy?
1. Increased demand led to higher prices
2. More workers led to lower wages
What impact did the commercial agricultural revolution have on peasants?  Many fled to towns or cities
This technique symbolized the evolution of Europe into a monetary economy. Double entry bookkeeping
These two countries established national banks? Netherlands & England
What impact did national banks have?
1. They lent money to finance new businesses
2. They provided loans to the government in economic downturns
List the 3 core values of mercantilism – the economic theory that dominated Europe following the Age of Exploration:

• There is a finite amount of wealth so the state must accumulate as much as possible
• States must protect against imports
• The government should play an active role in running the economy
  
  

These two companies demonstrated a shift from mercantilism to capitalism. The Dutch & British East India Companies
Because they took on investors, they were known as the first? Joint-stock companies
Why might these companies be considered capitalist? Individuals could purchase stock in them.
These were medieval artisan groups that monopolized the manufacturing of certain goods. Guilds
What happened to these groups? They were replaced by the putting-out or cottage industry.
Define the “putting-out” or “cottage industry” system. Industrialists would send raw materials to rural homes to be turned into finished goods.
The “putting-out” system would eventually be replaced by? Urban factories
How is capitalism different from mercantilism? Individuals run the economy as opposed to the state.
Describe the “enclosure movement” – it originated in England and shifted farming from communal plots to privately owned farms.
​

Quiz Tuesday 9/12 & Weds 9/13:
What were the dates of the rise of the so-called “New Monarchs?” 1450 – 1600
What was the main goal of the New Monarchs? To centralize their power
What institutions and practices did New Monarchs need to control in order to do this?
1. The Nobility,
2. the Church,
3. Create a national army,
4. Establish a central tax and bureaucracy
What is a bureaucrat? a government employee
What bureaucratic position was essential to new monarchs? Tax collector
Who did these positions traditionally go to? Nobles
Why would a new monarch prefer a bureaucrat take on this position? They would more likely be loyal.
What did the creation of a bureaucracy establish? A more centralized governing power
What context gave rise to the New Monarchs? The 100 Years War 
What did the establishment of the New Monarchs lay the foundation for? The modern nation state
How did Francis I of France (1515 – 47) represent this New Monarchy? He signed the Concordat of Bologna, giving French kings the power to appoint high church officials
How did King Henry VII of England represent the New Monarchy? He established the Star Chamber – a court system for the nobility
How did Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand represent the New Monarchs? They united Spain into a centralized state and persecuted non-Catholics 
 How did King Henry VIII & Queen Elizabeth I of England represent the New Monarchs? Henry broke with the Catholic Church & Elizabeth established the Reformation in England 

Quiz Thurs & Friday:

The age of exploration shifted European trade from the Mediterranean to this location. The Atlantic Seaboard
What countries benefitted most from this? Spain, Portugal, France, England, Netherlands
What states suffered from this transition? Italy and states on the Mediterranean
What were the motivations for explorers? Gold, glory, & god
Why would monarchs sponsor these voyages? To gain riches and spread Christianity
This Jesuit missionary spread Catholicism to many new regions? Xavier
Some rulers used religion as justification for what? Coercion of the indigenous people
Seeking glory represented this Renaissance ideal? Individualism
This man established sailing schools for Portugal?  Prince Henry the Navigator
Where did Portugal venture first? The West Coast of Africa
This Portuguese explorer discovered that Africa could be sailed around?  Dias
This Portuguese explorer was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope and reach India?  Vasco de Gama
This line of demarcation split the “New World” between the Spanish & Portuguese? Treaty of Tordesillas
What new technologies made trans-oceanic navigation possible? Compass, astrolabe,
These instruments of war helped the Spanish subdue the Native American empires? Guns and horses
What were Spanish conquerors called? Conquistadors
This man conquered this powerful empire in Mexico? Cortez
This man conquered this powerful empire in Peru? Pizzaro
What was responsible for most of the deaths of the indigenous populations? Small pox
This explorer led the first voyage around the world? Magellan
Which three countries quickly caught up to the Spanish & Portuguese? England, France, & the Dutch
The development of what labor-intensive crop expanded the slave trade? Sugar cane
The voyage of the slave trade between the Americas and Africa was known as? Middle Voyage
What was the new class of European elite developed in the New World?  Planter society
This type of trade developed, bringing raw materials to Europe, slaves to the new world, and finished goods back to both. Triangular trade
This was the name given for trade between the New World & Europe. Columbian Exchange
What were some goods were introduced into Europe from the New World? Horses, guns, disease
What were some goods introduced from Europe to the New World?  Tobacco, potatoes, tomatoes  
What were some of the impacts of the Age of Exploration? Increased competition between dynasties, a global economy
What economic theory dominated the Age of Exploration & colonial competition? Mercantilism

Quiz Thurs & Friday:

Both the Italian and the Northern Renaissance developed this painting technique to make art appear 3-D. Geometric perspective
Why did the Renaissance shift from Italy to Northwest Europe? France and Spain each invaded and took control of different city-states.
Many Renaissance artists moved and resided in the “low countries.” What are the low countries? Modern-day Netherlands and Belgium
What dynasty claimed the “low countries” as their land? The Hapsburgs 
How was the Northern Renaissance different from the Italian? The Northern Renaissance retained a more “religious-based naturalism.”
How did that translate in Northern Renaissance art? The lives of ordinary people became the subject of works of art
What religious Renaissance movement broke out in the North? Christian Humanism
Who is considered the father of this movement? Erasmus
Where was this “father” from? The Netherlands
What was the purpose of this movement? To reform the Catholic Church as an institution, not as a religion.
This religious Renaissance figure wrote a book promoting religious tolerance. Who was he and what was the name of his book? Sir Thomas More -  Utopia
What did this man and his book prove? Renaissance ideas were spreading in England by the early 1500s 
This new art movement developed in the late 1500s. Mannerism
What did this new style represent? The turbulent times of the Reformation & Religious Wars 

Quiz Tuesday 9/5 & Weds 9/6
This man is considered the Father of Humanism. Petrarch.  
Define "secularism" - the separation of religion.
What “classics” were Renaissance philosophers studying? The writings of ancient Greece & Rome
How might classics pose a challenge to the Catholic Church? The Ancient Greeks & Romans were not Christians. 
How did Lorenzo Valla's mastery of Latin pose a challenge to The Church? He discovered that The Donation of Constantine, which gave the Pope political authority, was a forgery. 
Who used the visual arts to promote personal, political, and religious goals? Wealthy merchants, royalty, and the Catholic Church 
Give examples of the humanist ideal of "individualism:" – commissioning portraits and artists signing their works. 
This work was a "how to" guide to becoming socially and politically successful? Castiglione's The Courtier  
What was the message of Pico della Mirandola's the Oration on the Dignity of Man? That human potential and reason could demonstrate the "divine" in humans 
When did Gutenberg develop the printing press?  The1450s. 
What was the impact of the printing press? It spread the ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation and increased literacy rates
This writer wrote a controversial book about how to be the ideal ruler in the Renaissance. Machiavelli. 
Machiavelli can be said to be the founder of? Civic Humanism
In his work The Prince, what quote captured the secular concept that rulers might have to be ruthless? "It is better to be feared than loved!"

Quiz Monday & Tuesday 8/28 & 29:
What would be some good topics for you to write about if your essay’s prompt is looking for social changes?

1. a.Economic social classes
2. b.Gender roles and relations
3. c.Family
4. d.Racial and ethnic constructs

What would be some good topics for you to write about if your essay’s prompt is looking for political changes?

1. Governments and rulers
2. Voting rights
3. Wars and treaties

• International organizations

Give two examples of international organizations:

1. The United Nations
2. NATO

What would be some good topics for you to write about if your essay’s prompt is looking for technological changes?

1. Inventions

 
What would be some good topics for you to write about if your essay’s prompt is looking for economic changes?

1. Social classes
2. Gender roles and relations
3. Family
4. Racial and ethnic constructs
   
   

Why does this course start in 1450? It was the peak of the Renaissance

What three events from the Middle Ages do they want us to use as context for the Renaissance?

1. The Great Schism
2. The 100 Years War
3. The Black Death​

Quiz Weds 8/30 & Thurs 8/31:

What was the “Great Schism? When there were two popes in the 1300s
What was the impact of the Great Schism? Some began to question the legitimacy of The Church
What impact did the 100 Years War of the 13th century have? Monarchs wanted to centralize their power
What impact did the Great Plague have?  It upset the social order of feudalism
What was "Scholasticism? Medieval education focused on religious studies |  
What does the word Renaissance mean? Rebirth | 
The Renaissance is considered the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of this era? Early Modern Era | 
The Renaissance introduced this system of studies in education? Humanities | 
What were the dates of the Renaissance? approximately 1300 to 1600 | 
This event brought new Greek scholars and writings into Italy and Western Europe? The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks | 
Why was Italy the ideal place for the start of the Renaissance? 1. It was the center of Mediterranean trade. 2. It had a mostly urban population of city states 3. It lacked a central government | 
Italian trade produced this new class of "nobility:" Merchants and bankers | 
How did the Medici family exemplify this new noble class? Their governing power was a result of new wealth. 
What role did the Medici play in the Renaissance? They were patrons of Renaissance artists. 
How did the Renaissance create a new mindset for many Europeans? They began to focus on achieving success in their current lives rather than just the afterlife. 

Quiz 8/22 & 23:
Quiz Intro:
Write the number 4 in Latin numerals: IV
Write the number 8 in Latin numerals: VIII
Write the number 9 in Latin numerals: IX
Write the number 13 in Latin numerals: XIII
Write the number 14 in Latin numerals: XIV
Write the number 16 in Latin numerals: XVI
What years are the 20th century? 1900 – 1999
When an excerpt references the “later half” of the 17th century, approximately what years are they discussing? 1650 – 1700
Define “context:” the circumstances that form the setting for an event.
When did the “middle-ages” take place? From the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 to the Renaissance in the early 1400s
What are the Middle Ages often called? The medieval era or the dark ages
What social, economic, and political system dominated Europe during the Middle Ages? Feudalism
Under this system, what do historians call the 80 to 90% of peasants that lived under it in Europe?  Serfs
During the Middle Ages, what traditional institution influenced political, economic, and social norms for most of Europe?  The Roman Catholic Church
What country did Henry the Fourth rule? France
What country did Henry the Eighth rule? England
Which continents are seeing uneven – but in some cases large economic growth after centuries of European colonization?  Africa and Asia
What years will we be covering in this course? 1450 – present day
What age shifted Europe out of the medieval mindset? The Renaissance

Homework 2022/2023:

Tuesday Period 4:
Describe the Marshall Plan: When the United States lent billions of dollars to rebuild Europe after WW2
What did the Marshall Plan allow Western Europe to do? Spend money on infrastructure projects
What was the impact of the Marshall Plan? Consumerism and economic growth returned to Europe
Describe the “iron curtain:” Europe was divided between the Soviet Union and its satellite states and Western Europe  
What “hot wars” were part of the Cold War? Korean War and Vietnam
What made the Cold War so tense? The US & USSR were in an arms race with nuclear bombs.
Describe NATO: A military alliance between the United States and most Western European nations
What was the Soviet answer to NATO? The Warsaw Pact
What was the Soviet plan to maintain militarily, economic, and political control of the “the Soviet bloc” called? COMECON
To maintain control, what did the Soviet Union do the population behind the Iron Curtain? Suppress individual rights and freedoms
This revolt against Soviet repression was crushed by the military: The Prague Spring of 1968
After Stalin died Nakita Khrushchev's started this policy?  De-Stalinization
After the fall of the Soviet Union what happened with former bloc states? Nationalist and separatist movements broke out in the Balkans
Give an example of disruption that occurred as a result? Genocide of Bosnian Muslims in the former state of Yugoslavia 
What year was the printing press built? 1450
What year did the Columbian Exchange begin? 1492

Quiz Tuesday 9/11 & Weds 9/12
What were Mikhail Gorbachev’s internal reforms of perestroika and glasnost designed to do? Consider opening the USSR up to the capitalist world for economic reasons
What happened in 1989? The Berlin Wall fell.
What were the results of perestroika & glasnost? They failed, and the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991
What governmental policy did the post-WW2 economic boom provide in many Western European nations? “Cradle to grave” social welfare programs
What time period are we talking? 1950s & 60s
What happened to Europe (and the United States) in the 1970s? Economic stagnation – less demand and high unemployment
How did Margaret Thatcher, the Prime Minister of England, represent an economic response to the 1970s? In the 1980s, her government cut welfare programs to reduce taxes
Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex 1949 helped launch this movement:  “Second-wave” feminism
Define this movement: Women fought for equal pay, better access to professional careers, and a wide range of issues in the 1960s and 70s
Name another “woman who obtained high-ranking political office:” Angela Merkel, who served as Chancellor of Germany for 20 years.
Define “decolonization:” the process that began in the 50s and 60s of giving European colonies their independence
What principle, introduced by Wilson at Versailles, was used to pressure European Imperialist countries to give up their colonies? Self-determination
Despite pressure when did some European states finally give up their colonies? Mid to late 20th century
What did some imperial states use as justification for the late independence? The political instability of the Cold War
When was the high peak of the Renaissance? 1500
When did Luther nail his 95 Thesis? 1517
When was the Peace of Augsburg? 1555
When was the defeat of the Spanish Armada? 1588
When did Queen Elizabeth I die? 1603
 
 

Quiz Tuesday 3/14 & Weds 3/15:
What is the acronym for WW1 stand for: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Assassination. 
What were the dates of WWI? 1914 - 1918
What military technology helped create "trench-warfare?" machine guns and barbed wire.  
What military technologies were used to try to break the stalemate? Aircraft bombing, poison gas, and the tank. 
What was the name German military plan which called for knocking out France first and then focusing on Russia? The Schlieffen Plan. 
Why did this plan bring the British into the war? Germany invaded neutral Belgium. 
Despite the naval "arms race" to develop this boat between Britain & Germany, it played a small role in the war? The Dreadnought. 
Germany's use of this eventually brought the U.S. into the war? Unrestricted U-Boat (submarine) warfare. 
Why was WW1 described as Total War? industries were nationalized and the entire populations were mobilized for the war effort. 
How did the perception of women change from WW1? They took on traditional male jobs. 
How were they rewarded in some countries? Many nations gave them the right to vote. 
Who else benefited from total war? Unions and industrialists. 
How did Lawrence of Arabia bring conflict to post-war settlement? He promised Arabs independent states despite the Balfour Declaration which promised a state for Jews in Palestine. 
​What was the nickname given to artists & soldiers who had fought in WW1? The Lost Generation. 
What empires were destroyed and divided up into smaller nations after WWI? Austrian & Ottoman

Quiz Tuesday 3/28 & Weds 3/1:
The power vacuum following Napoleon III's capture in the Franco Prussian war led to this bloody uprising? The Paris Commune
What resulted in its aftermath? the 3rd Republic - a democratic parliamentary system 
What was the goal of “Pan-Slavism” in the mid-1800s? To obtain independence from the Ottomans and Austrians and create a Slavic state
What region did Pan-Slavism take off? The Balkans 
What medical theory is Louis Pasteur known for? The germ theory of disease
What medical / microbial processes is Pasteur known for? Inoculations or vaccines,  and the process of pasteurization
This man is known as the pioneer of antiseptic surgery: Joseph Lister
What is Charles Darwin known for? The theories of Natural Selection & Evolution
What debate did one of Darwin’s theory create? Whether all species evolved from a common ancestor 
Although he never said it Darwin will always be connected with what concept? That humans evolved from apes
What was the Dreyfus Affair? A Jewish French officer was falsely accused of treason in 1894
What “realist” artist who came to Dreyfus’ defense and what was the name of their work? Emile Zola J’accuse 
What did this event demonstrate? The rising anti-Semitism of the 1890s
What artistic period followed the Romantic period? Realism. 
What was the context of Realist art? the failures of the Revolutions of 1848 and continued suffering by industrial workers. 
This artist's "Stonebreakers" is considered one of the first of the artist genre? Courbet. 
What are some features of Realist paintings? unrevealed faces, hard labor, and hunched posture.  
How are Romantic author Goethe's Young Werther and Realist author Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary works similar? Both lead characters commit suicide after failing to find true love. 
Why is one considered Romantic & the other Realist?  both use different styles of language to express their emotions. 
What other theme connects the two? life in a new materialist Europe. 
This Realist author describes the hardships of urban youth's in an industrial cities? Charles Dickens. 
What are two of his famous works? Oliver Twist & David Copperfield. 

Quiz Weds 2/22 & Thursday 2/23:
How did liberalism evolve over the 19th century? early 19th century liberalism was about constitutionalism and upper-middle-class voting rights, by the end of the century it was about providing aid to the working class
How did Socialists in the late 1800s differ from the violent workers revolutions Marx predicted? While using Marxist language, they fought for workers’ rights by forming political parties and unions
Describe the Crimean War: Russia v. Ottoman Empire, France & England
What impact did the war have on Russia? Realized the need to industrialize
Who was Russia upset with since they didn't have their back? Austria
This historic nurse highlighted the need for military healthcare? Florence Nightingale
This nationalist of the Italian revolutions in 1848 failed but set the stage for future unification? Mazzini
This politician and practitioner of realpolitik, representing the House of Savoy & Piedmont Sardinia a powerful Northern Italian state, saw Italian unification as an opportunity to increase the power of his king? Cavour
This revolutionary and nationalist took over the Southern Italian states? Garibaldi
​When this revolutionary & his "Red Shirts" conquered the South, who became the king of a united Italy? King Emanuel
What year did Italy officially become a nation? 1871
What ideologies did Otto von Bismark utilize to gain support for Prussia & his King Wilhelm I? Nationalism, conservatism, and liberalism
How did he unify the German states? Through wars - aka "Blood & Iron"
What did the EMS Telegram represent? Bismark using the mass media to trick France into declaring war
What two wars to all of the German States even the Catholic South rally to support Prussia? 7 Weeks War vs. Austria and the Franco Prussian War
What advantages did Prussia & German States have in fighting the wars? An extensive railroad system and a modern military
Surrounded by rulers of the various German states where was King Wilhelm I declared Kaiser of the New German Empire in 1871? Versailles
What was key outcomes of the Franco-Prussian War that would impact the balance of power & future wars? France now hated Germany not England

Tuesday 2/7 & Weds 2/8
Why does Mr. Raymond refer to the 1800s/19th century the age of reform? Industrialization and urbanization will force political ideals, rulers, and non-governmental organizations to address the issues of the working classes 
What was Romanticism a reaction to?
1. The Industrial Revolution,
2. The conservatism of the Concert of Europe
How was Romanticism a change from the Enlightenment? It focused on emotion & intuition over rationalism & reason
What two ideologies are MOST associated with Romanticism? nationalism & liberalism
These Romantic story tellers represent nationalist ideals by popularizing old German folk tales like Cinderella & Snow White? The Brothers Grimm 
This French Romantic novelist used emotion & nationalism capturing the French Revolution of 1830 & and a bizarre tale set in a Parisian landmark. Name the author and his works: Victor Hugo - Les Miserables & The Hunchback of Notre Dame 
This Romantic painter captures Spanish Nationalism in his painting The Third of May (1814) of guerrilla fighters being shot down by Napoleon's troops? Francisco Goya
Romantic painter Eugene Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People captured event? The French Revolution of 1830
This Romantic poet captured the evils of industrialization? Wordsworth 
Define Realpolitik: politics based on practical objectives rather than on ideals
When did Napoleon III take power? Following the French Revolutions of 1848
In what ways might he be considered a realpolitik? He was authoritarian, liberal, and nationalist when he had to be
How did Napoleon gain political support? Large infrastructure projects that provided jobs and instituting universal male suffrage
What is universal male suffrage and why was this a "liberal" idea? All men can vote rather than the old system of property owners
What two wars did Napoleon launch France into in an attempt to have the nation rally around him? The Crimean War & The Franco-Prussian War
What is the reign of Napoleon III referred to? The Second Empire

What events provided context for 2nd half of the 19th century (1800s)? The Revolutions of 1830 and 48
This process to make mass quantities of iron represented the Second Industrial Revolution’s scale and complexity: The Bessemer Process
What did “mechanization” of the factory system involve? The assembly line and interchangeable parts
This invention allowed engines to power transportation via petroleum: The internal combustion engine
This man sent radio waves across the Atlantic Ocean: Marconi
Along with the telegraph, this communication breakthrough had what impact? It allowed instant access to information
How did the concept of liberalism shift in the 1800s? From laissez-faire to interventionist
What is protectionism? Placing tariffs on imports to protect domestic industries
Why were nations forced to enact protectionist policies? The industrial revolution had created too much supply
What do nations need to do to avoid protectionist policies? Develop a domestic consumer base
What types of jobs did the 2nd industrial revolution produce? White Collar service jobs such as marketing, and management
What jobs opportunities opened for women? Secretaries, bookkeepers, civil service jobs
What were some urban reforms needed for the working classes? Sewage and water systems, sanitation, better living conditions
This man convinced the British government (and influenced many others) that the following were sanitation and public health were linked? Sir Edwin Chadwick
This act of Parliament required new housing to be equipped with water and sewage systems? Britain’s Public Health Act of 1875
This woman spoke up for working class women: Josephine Butler
What is a philanthropist? Someone who donates large amounts of money for public social issues
What is an NGO? Non-governmental organization that provides aid
What are some examples often female led NGO campaigns: The British Abolitionist Society, and the temperance societies to ban alcohol
This philanthropist worked to build public housing in London? Octavia Hill
 

Quiz Thurs 2/9 & Fri 2/10
What did the revolutions of 1830 & 1848 demonstrate? 1. Rising nationalism & liberalism 2. Dissatisfaction with the conservatism of the Congress of Vienna |
Which revolutions were "nationalistic"? Belgium, German, Polish, & Italy |
What was the driving ideal of nationalism? States should be based on common cultures & ethnicity | 
Which revolution demonstrated rising liberalism & even socialism? Paris 1830 & 48 |
What precipitated the French Revolution of 1830? Dissatisfaction with the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy  | 
What caused the French Revolution of 1848? Dissatisfaction with voting requirements |  
What was the outcome of the French Revolution of 1848? Universal male suffrage & the election of Napoleon III |
This event demonstrated the conservatism of England following the French Revolution? The Peterloo Massacre |
What Act of Parliament Expanded the eligible voting population? The Great Reform Act of 1832
What was the impact of this act? Middle class men could vote in England
This group of working class Brits fought for the write of universal male suffrage? The Chartists
How did England avoid the Revolutions of 1848? By instituting reforms - the repeal of the Corn Acts & institution of a 10-Hour Work day 
What were the ideals of Utopian Socialist? Improving working conditions through "cooperation" |
This man who advocated for improved working conditions for factory workers? Robert Owen
What made it ironic that this man is credited as one of the founders Utopian Socialism? He was a factory owner and benefitted from the status quo
What female socialist tied working conditions to women's rights? Flora Tristan
Why did Karl Marx criticize Utopian Socialists? He thought they were naïve about the evils of capitalism |
Why were revolutions in the Austrian Empire unsuccessful? Hungarians, Czechs, & Slavs refused to work together
This gathering was the first attempt to create a unified Germany? the Frankfurt Assembly
Why did it fail? Austria & Prussia refused to join
How is Romanticism tied to Nationalism? artists often embraced their past cultures

Old Homework:

Quiz Weds 2/1 & Thurs. 2/2
Who is Edmund Burke? The “Father of Conservatism”
How did he get this nickname? His writings on how the French Revolution and radical change are dangerous
Who architected the plans that were mostly agreed to at the Congress of Vienna? Austrian official Klemons von Metternich
What were the main plans drawn up at the Congress of Vienna?

1. Restore the “old order”
2. Keep nationalism & liberalism under control
3. Intervene if revolutions erupt
4. Maintain a “balance of power”

What members created a Holy Alliance to stop restrain liberalism? Russia, Prussia, & Austria
What tactics did this states use to stamp out liberalism? Censorship, secret police, military force to suppress demonstrations
What ideology would the member of the Congress of Vienna fall under? Conservatism
What did “conservatives” at that time want? To avoid radical change
What two nicknames are used to describe period of 1815 to 1830 as? The Age of Metternich and the Concert of Europe
What revolution was backed by England, France and Russia? Greek Independence in 1820
What did the support for this revolution demonstrate? How weak the Concert of Europe was
What events/changes laid the groundwork for an intellectual shift in the early 1800s?

1. The Enlightenment
2. The French Revolution
3. Rising middle class
4. The industrial revolution

What three ideals did early liberals embrace?

1. Popular sovereignty
2. Individual rights
3. Enlightened self-interest

Quiz Weds & Thursday:
In the Industrial Revolution power shifted from the church & noble families to? Industrialist families and corporations. 
Around what dates did the “first” industrial revolution take place? 1750 to 1850. 
What preconditions are required for an industrial revolution? Raw materials, agricultural revolution, increase in demand, labor force. 
What advantages helped Britain lead the first industrial revolution? 1. Natural resources - coal, rivers.
2. Agricultural Revolution – enclosure movement.
3. Banking and credit system.
4. Laissez-faire government representing bourgeoisie/middle class interests.
5. Entrepreneurs.
6. Colonies  
What impact did Britain’s Agricultural Revolution have? 
1. Less agricultural workers needed led to a surplus of industrial workers.
2. Food to feed a growing and more urban population.
3. Increased capital to invest in industry. 
This is the theory that food supplies could never keep up with rising populations. Malthusian Trap. 
What was Britain’s first major industry which helped spawn the industrial revolution? Textiles / cotton cloth. 
What types of power helped replace humans in running machines? Water & steam. | 
This machine weaved cloth much faster? The Spinning Jenny | 
Machinery led to the creation of these? Factories  |
Factories put an end to this type of economic production? the Cottage or Putting Out System | 
Factory cities created these symbols of urban squalor? 
1. Tenements
2. Lack of sanitation
3. Smog
4. Disease | 
Who is credited with creating the steam engine? Watt. The demand for steam power led to the need for this cheap fuel source? Coal. 
These two forms of transportation helped carry heavy products and to markets? Steamboats & railroads. | 
This event demonstrated to the world Britain's dominance in industrialization? The Crystal Palace Palace Exhibition of 1851 |
What continental states industrialized after Britain? Belgium, France, & Prussia | 
Unlike Britain continental industrialization relied on what type of aide? Government as opposed to private |
This man created a "national system" in Germany before there was a Germany? Freidrich List |
What is he most known for? Created a railroad network | 
What was the Zollverein? An economic union of German states created by Prussia |
 What conditions made most of Central & Eastern Europe (besides Prussia) to lag behind in the Industrial Revolution?
1. Geography
2. Lack of resources
3. Persistence of serfdom
4. Dominance of the elites 

Quiz  1/10 & 11:
Name a right women gained during the French Revolution: easier to get divorced,  
Although women participated enthusiastically in the early phases what outcomes resulted? They gained some rights but had them taken away under Napoleon, 
After the execution of Robespierre came the Thermidorian  Reaction which resulted in? shutting down of Jacobin clubs & the Committee of Public Safety and a move away from radicalism,
Why did the crowning of Napoleon as emperor signal an end of the "old order?" He did not come from a significant noble family. 
What domestic accomplishments did Napoleon institute? A bureaucracy built on merit, no noble rights, made peace with the Catholic church, and established the Napoleonic Code. 
Why was the Napoleonic Code significant? it provided a uniform system of law and equality under the law, 
In what ways could Napoleon be scene as despotic?  he abolished freedom of the press and instituted a "secret police" to spy on his people. 
Describe the concept of "Spreading the Revolution:" countries Napoleon conquered had to abolish noble rights, and institute equality under the law. 
What was the "Continental System"? conquered European nations were forbidden from buying British goods, 
Resentment of the Continental System and rule led to this in the conquered nations? They developed their own sense of nationalism. 
What ended Napoleon's military dominance? his invasion of Russia. 
After escaping from the island Elba, this defeat marked the end of the Napoleonic Era?  The Battle of Waterloo 
What was Romanticism a reaction to?
1. The Industrial Revolution,
2. The conservatism of the Concert of Europe
How was Romanticism a change from the Enlightenment? It focused on emotion & intuition over rationalism & reason
What two ideologies are MOST associated with Romanticism? nationalism & liberalism
These Romantic story tellers represent nationalist ideals by popularizing old German folk tales like Cinderella & Snow White? The Brothers Grimm 
This French Romantic novelist used emotion & nationalism capturing the French Revolution of 1830 & and a bizarre tale set in a Parisian landmark. Name the author and his works: Victor Hugo - Les Miserables & The Hunchback of Notre Dame 
This Romantic painter captures Spanish Nationalism in his painting The Third of May (1814) of guerrilla fighters being shot down by Napoleon's troops? Francisco Goya
Romantic painter Eugene Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People captured event? The French Revolution of 1830
This Romantic poet captured the evils of industrialization? Wordsworth 

Quiz Tuesday 12/ 6  & Weds 12/7
What did the three estates agree on in 1789? That the power of the monarchy had to be limited
What political form of government were they speaking out against? Absolutism
What was the Great Fear? When the revolution moved out into the countryside in which aristocrats were attacked
What happened at the August Night Session? Serfdom was agreed to be abolished, and some nobility gave up their hereditary rights
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?  A declaration of the natural rights that all French citizens were entitled to
Describe the Women’s March on Versailles: A bread riot by women that turned into a march on Versailles in which King Louis and Marie Antoinette were forced back to Paris
What was the Jacobin’s plan to “secularize” the church? Passing the Constitution of the Clergy
Why did the Jacobin want to? The take the church land, money, and estates
What two things happened in 1791 which changed the scope of the Revolution? A new constitution was created making France a constitutional monarchy and King Louis and Marie get caught fleeing the country
Who seized power after that? The Jacobin led by Robespierre
What was the Declaration of Pilntiz? An alliance formed between Prussia and Austria to stop the revolution
How did the French respond to this declaration? They declared war on both counties
Which war song became the official anthem of France? La Marseilles
What was the mission of the Jacobins? To save the revolution from enemies both foreign and domestic
What was the era of Jacobin rule from 1792 – 1794 referred to as: The Reign of Terror
This 12-member council served as the de facto government: The Committee of Public Safety
Who were the sans culotte? Militant lower-class revolutionaries
What were the Vendee Revolts? Counter revolutionaries led by the Royal Catholic Army

Quiz Tuesday & Wednesday 11/29 & 30:
Quiz Tuesday 12/7
Describe the 7 Years War: It is considered the "first world war" as it was fought on many different continents with many countries involved
Despite recruiting European allies, who were the two main combatants of the 7 Years War? France & England
What is the 7 Years War called in American History? The French & Indian War
What side did many American colonists fight on? The English
What was the outcome of the & 7 Years War? England became the dominant European power and both countries were in massive debt
What did England due to relieve its economic problems following the 7 Years War and what were the ramifications? They increased taxes on the American colonies which led to the American Revolution
These three American documents had a large impact on the European mindset when it came to governing? The Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution, and the US Bill of Rights
What impact did French support to the American colonists during the American Revolution have? Massive debt and the need to increase taxes
Why was France less economically stable than England following the late 18th century wars? 1. The lacked a central bank to loan the government 2. They hadn't embraced the agricultural revolution 3. Nobles refused to pay taxes
This old political and social system, unlike the English who's noble families often married wealthy merchants, created social tensions? The ancien regime
What was the make up of the 3 Estates? 1st The Clergy, 2nd the Nobility, 3rd everyone else
Although 80% of the 3rd Estate were made up of peasants, 8% were the bourgeoisie. Who were the bourgeoisie? Wealthy merchants, industrialists, and bankers |
What intellectual movement spurred on agitation of the bourgeoisie to seek out more power? The Enlightenment
What short term crisis brought many French to the breaking point? Food shortages caused by harvest failures
As most of the French population faced starvation who and what did they focus their anger on? The lavish lifestyle of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
What year did the French Revolution and what other event was taking place in America? 1789 the same year George Washington was being sworn in as president
This event demonstrated that the absolute monarchy model would no longer work in France? Louis calling together the Estates General for the first time in 175 years to deal with the debt crisis
In June 1789 the Third Estate walked out of the Estates General and formed this new governmental body? The National Assembly
Describe the Tennis Court Oath: after the 3rd Estate had been locked out of their meeting room they gathered in an indoor tennis court and vowed not to leave until a new constitution was written |
​

Quiz Tuesday Nov 1 & Weds Nov 2:
What was the impact of salons? They allowed some women to guide Enlightenment discussions
Who were the physiocrats? Economic writers who argued against mercantilism | 
Who was Adam Smith? He wrote the Wealth of Nations arguing for free trade
According to Adam Smith a states wealth was really derived from what? Labor & land
Adam Smith used this metaphor to describe what really controlled supply & demand? The invisible hand
What phrase is used to describe when a state takes a limited role in its economy? Laissez-faire | 
What ideas did Cesare Beccaria introduce? Anti-torture and the death penalty  
This man started a new started a new religious revival in England during the 1700s. What was his name and church? John Wesley & the Methodist Church
This church and evangelical preacher embraced "pietism."  What is pietism? Forming a deeper personal connection to God.
This religious movement was in stark contrast to what new Enlightenment concepts about religion? Deism and atheism
What were "pogroms"? violent attacks on Jewish communities
PLUS M.C. Questions on Enlightenment

Quiz Thurs  11/6 & Friday the 7th:

The monarchs of central & eastern Europe during the 1700s are sometimes given this nickname? Enlighted Absolutist or despots

In Prussia and Austria these Monarchs greatly expanded their states power and laid the groundwork for their “Enlighted” heirs? Maria Teressa of Austria & Frederick the I of Prussia
Who were the “Enlightened Absolutists?” Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, & Joseph II of Austria
In what way were they “enlightened?”
1. They hung out or corresponded with Voltaire
2. they attempted religious toleration 
3. they attempted to reduce serfdom
4. they increased education
In what ways were they not “enlightened?” 

1. They did not share political power
2. they increased the power of the nobility,
3. They increased taxes and serfdom increased

This quote from Frederick the Great was meant to show his Enlightened side and contrast with Louis XIV? I am the servant of the state | 
How did both Frederick I & Frederick II – The Great win over the Junker nobility? Making them officers in the military and high government officials
The “Partitions” of this country in the late 1700s expanded all three Empires? Poland
How did Frederick expand his empire? He conquered lands from Austria
What family ruled the Austrian Empire? The Hapsburgs
In what ways did Maria Theresa increase the strength of the Austrian Empire? By building a modern army and creating alliances
In what ways might Joseph II have been the most Enlightened? He abolished serfdom and established complete religious freedom
Why was his reign considered a failure? All classes revolted and his policies were reversed by his brother
This event put an end to Catherine the Great’s attempt to free the serfs and other reforms? Pugachev’s Rebellion
How did Catherine expand her empire? She defeated the Ottoman Turks and took Crimea giving her access to the sea
Many accuse the Enlightened Absolutists or Despots for claiming to use Enlightenment ideals for these purposes? 
1. Weakening the church
2. Increasing their militaries
3. Increasing their land holdings
What impact did the Enlightened Despots have in continental politics? They helped their states modernize in an attempt to catch up to England and France
What economic class did these states lack? A middle class

Quiz Thursday & Friday 10/27 & 28
What were John Locke's ideas on government? That they were created to protect natural rights and bound by a social contract
What was Montesquieu known for? That powers of government should be divided into three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial
What were Rousseau's ideas of government? The governments should be based on the general will of the people
Rousseau is often associated with embracing the concept of the "noble savage." What was this idea? That man is happiest in a state of nature like many Native American tribes
How did Rousseau differ from other Enlightenment philosophers? They were embraced by many elites while Rousseau's ideas were more revolutionary
Early political Enlightenment political philosophers embraced a scientific approach. What approach did Rousseau use? Emotion and feelings
What art movement is Rousseau known as the father of? Romanticism
What was ironic about Rousseau and other Enlightenment philosopher’s views on the role of woman? They did not believe in equal rights for women
This Enlightenment writer was considered the founder of European feminism and argued for equal rights? Mary Wollstonecraft
What was the impact of salons? They allowed some women to guide Enlightenment discussions
What other social locations became breeding grounds for Enlightenment debates? Coffeehouses
Where did more common people gain access to Enlightenment ideals? Newspapers & pamphlets
The Enlightenment led to a massive growth in these institutions? Colleges & universities

Quiz Tuesday 10/25 & Weds 10/26 
What fields did the Scientific Revolution focus on? Mathematics, physics, anatomy, and chemistry.
What are the approximate dates of the Scientific Revolution? 1500 to 1700
Theories by these three Classical/Ancient Greek & Roman philosophers were overturned during the scientific revolution: Aristotle, Ptolemy, & Galen
The context & need for technology of this movement helped spur the Scientific Revolution: The Age of Exploration
This astronomer introduced the heliocentric theory of the universe? Copernicus
What did this theory go against? Ptolemy's geocentric model and biblical doctrine
What is the difference between geocentric and heliocentric models? Geo places the earth in the center of the universe & helio places the sun
What instrument/technology helped Galileo further the work of Copernicus? the telescope
What happened to Galileo after he published the Starry Messenger?  The Roman Inquisition and Catholic Church made him recant his teachings
How did Sir Isaac Newton build on the teachings of Copernicus & Galileo? He introduced the universal law of gravitation in which planetary motion is guided by gravity
What is anatomy? study of the internal organs and structure of the body
Study of anatomy overturned this ancient physician? Galen.
This anatomist described the circulation of blood from the heart? William Harvey
These two scientists introduced inductive and deductive reasoning? Descartes and Francis Bacon
Both of these thoughts on reasoning helped introduced this scientific approach? The Scientific Method
This approach focused science on these concepts to prove theories? Experiments and data collection

Quiz Tuesday 10/18 & Weds 10/19:

In 1648 as the Peace of Westphalia ending the 30 Years war, what was going on the England & France? English Civil War was getting underway & Louis XIV was early in his reign 
The War of Spanish Succession and the Treaty of Utrecht demonstrated what? Attempts to maintain a balance of power with King Louis XIV & France 
Why was the Peace of Utrecht a turning point in Europe's history? It ended Louis XIV's attempt to extend France's borders 
In what ways was King James I of England like an Absolute Monarch? He believed in the Divine Right of Kings 
What happened to King James I's son Charles I in 1649? He was executed
Who ruled England after the monarch was removed? Oliver Cromwell
Who were the main combatants in English Civil War? The Royalist Cavaliers vs. The Parliamentarian Roundheads 
What religion did most of the Parliamentarians practice? Puritanism 
What did the English Civil War demonstrate? The rising political power of the landed gentry class 
What was the event of bringing back the English monarchy called? The Restoration
After the monarchy was reestablished in England in 1660 what triggered a search for a new monarch? James II's quarrels with Parliament
Who was invited to take the throne? William & Mary 
What did they agree to submit to in order to take the throne? The English Bill of Rights 
What is this event known as? The Glorious Revolution 
What political concept and form of government did this create? Separation of Powers & a Constitutional Monarchy 
During the 1600s this nation became the greatest economic power? The Netherlands
What was the name of the rising economic power's rise? The Dutch Golden Age
What industries made Amsterdam a global center of finance? Global trade, banking, & printing
What moral dilemma did the Dutch face with their rising economic prosperity? Leading a Puritan lifestyle vs. lavish consumerism
What nations would eventually overtake the Netherlands? England & France
What once powerful empire continued to decline in the 1600s? The Spanish
What commodity became the most sought after in the 1600s? Sugar
Who was the last possible Absolute monarch of Spain? Philip II 
What unique form of government started in the Netherlands? Republicanism
What is a republic? A government run by elected officials
Why might early republics be less democratic than the ones practiced in modern Europe & the United States? Only the wealthy men participated in voting for representatives
Frederick William the Elector helped create this new state out of the ruins of the Holy Roman Empire after the 30 Years War? Prussia
Despite its size why was Poland a weak state in the 1600s? The nobility held all of the power
Who was Peter the Great? Tsar of Russia in the late 1600s & early 1700s 
What was Peter's goal? To "westernize" Russia
What did St. Petersburg represent? Peter's attempt to create a global trading port
What nickname represents the goal of Peter's new city? "The window to the West"
What practice did he implement to make Russians look like Western Europeans? Cut their beards and dress more fashionable 

Quiz Thursday 10/13 & Friday 10/14
How did Mannerism art differ from Renaissance? It featured distortions and exaggerations | 
What did the differences in style represent? The turbulent times of the Reformation & Religious Wars |
 How was Baroque art different? It was highly ornate, and emotional
Who became major patrons of Baroque art? the Catholic Church
How did political theorist Jean Bodin define absolutism? the power to make & enforce laws, administer justice, & establish foreign policy. 
Four ways to be an absolute ruler: ​bureaucracy, large army, taxes, religious unity. 
This man helped Louis XIII control the nobility and establish a bureaucracy?  Cardinal Richelieu.
Louis the XIII & IV's policy of selling certain bureaucratic positions created this class? The "Robe Nobility" 
The original dynastic nobles were known as? Blood Nobles
These series of revolts in which the Blood Nobility rose up opposing new taxes were known as? The Fronde Wars. 
Gathering and distracting all of the nobles at Versailles produced this effect? consolidated power & negated the power of the power of the nobility.  
Louis XIV relied on these non-noble to carry out his absolutist policies? The intendants. 
Louis's chief financial adviser was known for this type of economic policy? Mercantilism. 
What was his name? Colbert 
How did he accomplish his mercantile goals? state sponsored businesses, tariffs, subsidies. 
The English Civil War was fought between? The King & Parliament. 
The execution of this king demonstrated the shift of power to the Parliamentarians? Charles I. 
Why did many support "restoration" of the Stuart Monarchy? The government under Oliver Cromwell had become much like a military dictatorship. 
Why did the nobility invite William of Orange and Mary Stuart to take over the monarchy? They feared a return of a Catholic monarchy. 
William & Mary were forced to submit to this document? The English Bill of Rights. 
This moment was known as? The Glorious Revolution. 
This "revolution" helped create this type of government in England? A constitutional monarchy 

Quiz Thursday ​3/29 & Friday 3/30

What were two causes of the price revolution and inflation? An influx of precious metals and a rise in population
What impact did the commercial revolution have? Social mobility and a monetary based economy
How did the new classes of the commercial revolution differ from medieval times? Based on wealth not family lineage
How did an excess of capital drive the commercial revolution? The wealthy had money to invest in new businesses
What part of Europe experienced the early-modern commercial revolution? North-Western
Why did populations increase dramatically during the early modern-era?
1. New food sources
2. Bubonic plague was over
3. End of the mini-ace age
What impact did the rising population have on the economy?
1. Increased demand led to higher prices
2. More workers led to lower wages
What impact did the commercial agricultural revolution have on peasants?  Many fled to towns or cities
This technique symbolized the evolution of Europe into a monetary economy? Double-entry bookkeeping
These two countries established national banks? Netherlands & France
What impact did national banks have?
1. Lending to finance industry
2. Provided loans to the government in economic downturns
These two companies demonstrated a shift from mercantilism to capitalism? The Dutch & British East India Companies
Because they took on investors they were known as the first? Joint-stock companies
Why might these companies be considered capitalist? Individuals could purchase stock in them
These were medieval artisan groups that monopolized the manufacturing of certain goods? Guilds
What happened to these groups? They were replaced by the putting-out or cottage industry
Define the “putting-out” or “cottage industry” system? Industrialists would send raw materials to rural homes to be turned into finished goods
The “putting-out” system would eventually be replaced by? Urban factories
How is capitalism different from mercantilism? Individuals run the economy as opposed to the state
Describe the “enclosure movement” – it originated in England and shifted farming from communal plots to privately owned farms

Quiz Thursday 9/15 & Friday 9/16
What is the main definition of "religious pluralism?" Multiple Christian Faiths | 
In what ways did the French Wars of Religion demonstrate the challenges of centralizing authority for monarchies and dynasties? 
1. The Catholic Valois King was undermined by the Huguenot Bourbon family and ultra-Catholic Geese dynasty  
2. Foreigners participated on both sides  
This woman wield political power in the French Wars of Religion? Catherine de Medici | 
In what way did this woman who married into the Valois dynasty represent attempts to reconcile political differences peacefully? She was a politique who put power over religion | 
What was the impact of Henry of Bourbon becoming the king of France? 
1. He set the stage for hundreds of years of Bourbon rule.
2. His dynasty set the stage for absolute monarchs to rule in France. 
What did Henry the IV do that showed the French Wars of Religion might have been more about political power? He converted to Catholicism when he became king | 
What quote demonstrated this idea? Paris is worth a mass | This king of Spain became the main warrior of the Catholic Faith? Phillip II | 
What was the impact did the influx of precious metals into Spain have? It led to inflation | 
Spain's constants wars led the king do to seek taxes from this Hapsburg region? The Spanish Netherlands | 
The Northern "Low Countries" united forming this group under this noble leader? The Union of Utrecht under William of Orange | 
Elizabeth I's aid to French and "Low Country" Protestants prompted this response? Phillips launching of the Spanish Armada to capture England | 
What impact did Philips response combined with economic hardships have? Spain became a less powerful | 

Quiz Tuesday 9/13 & Weds 9/14
Henry VIII's sale of church lands created this new social/economic class? The landed gentry. 
This class would go on to make up this political body? Parliament's House of Commons
This heir of Henry VIII tried to re-institute Catholicism in England? Bloody Mary
In what way was Elizabeth I a politique? She re-instituted the Anglican Church but kept many Catholic practices
What were some impacts of the Reformation? Higher literacy & education rates and political instability | 
The Catholic Reformation is sometimes referred to as this? The Counter Reformation
This gathering is when Catholic officials decided what changes, if any needed to be made to address the Protestant Reformation? The Council of Trent
In what ways did the Catholic church reform? They got rid of paid indulgences and simony or the selling of church positions
In what way did the confirm old practices? 
1. They kept mass in Latin,
2. Their priests continued to practice celibacy,
3. They maintained the belief in faith plus good works as the path to salvation
What two Catholic practices were implemented to stop the Reformation? Index of Forbidden Books and the Roman Inquisition
Reformation that originates from the Monarch is known as this type of reform? Magisterial / "top-down"
This order of Catholics served as missionaries and established schools? The Jesuits 
This agreement in the Holy Roman Empire allowed German princes to determine the religion practiced in their principality? The Treaty or Peace of Augsburg

Quiz Thursday 8th & Friday the 9th:
1. The age of exploration shifted European trade to this location? The Atlantic Seaboard 
2. What countries benefitted most from this? Spain, Portugal, France, England, Netherlands
3. What states suffered from this transition? Italy and states on the Mediterranean 
4. What were the motivations for explorers? Gold, glory, & god 
5. Why would monarchs sponsor these voyages? To gain riches and spread Christianity 
6. This Jesuit missionary spread Catholicism to many new regions? Xavier
7. Some rulers used religion as justification for what? Coercion of the indigenous people
8. Seeking glory represented this Renaissance ideal? Individualism
9. This man established sailing schools for Portugal?  Prince Henry the Navigator
10. Where did Portugal venture first? The West Coast of Africa
11. This Portuguese explorer discovered that Africa could be sailed around?  Dias
12. This Portuguese explorer was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope and reach India?  Vasco de Gama
13. This line of demarcation split the “New World” between the Spanish & Portuguese? Treaty of Tordesillas 
14. What new technologies made trans-oceanic navigation possible? Compass, astrolabe, 
15. These instruments of war helped the Spanish subdue the Native American empires? Guns and horses
16. What were Spanish conquerors called? Conquistadors
17. This man conquered this powerful empire in Mexico? Cortez
18. This man conquered this powerful empire in Peru? Pizzaro
What was responsible for most of the deaths of the indigenous populations? Smallpox
This explorer led the first voyage around the world? Magellan
These three countries quickly caught up to the Spanish & Portuguese? England, France, & the Dutch
The development of this labor-intensive crop expanded the slave trade? Sugar cane
The voyage of the slave trade between the Americas and Africa was known as? Middle Voyage
This new class of Europeans developed off of the new colonial plantations? Planter society
This type of trade developed bringing raw materials to Europe, slaves to the new world, and finished goods back to both? Triangular trade
 This was the name given for trade between the New World & Europe? Columbian Exchange
 What were some goods were introduced into Europe from the New World? Horses, guns, disease
 What were some goods introduced from Europe to the New World?  Tobacco, potatoes, tomatoes  
What were some of the impacts of the Age of Exploration? Increased competition between dynasties, a global economy
What is the concept behind mercantilism?  Export more than import
Mercantilism would eventually lead to? Capitalism

Quiz Tuesday and Wednesday 9/6 & 7:

What were the dates of the rise of the so-called “New Monarchs?” 1450 – 1550 | 
What was the main goal of the New Monarchs? To centralize their power | 
What institutions and practices to the need to control in order to do this?
1. The Nobility,
2. the Church,
3. create a national army,
4. establish a central tax and bureaucracy
What is a bureaucrat? a Government employee | 
What  bureaucratic position was essential to new monarchs? Tax collector | 
Who did these positions traditionally go to? Nobles | 
Why would a new monarch prefer a bureaucrat take on this position? They would more likely be loyal | 
What did the creation of a bureaucracy establish? A small middle-class | 
What context gave rise to the New Monarchs? The 100 Years War  | 
What did the establishment of the New Monarchs lay the foundation for? The “nation-state” | 
How did Francis I of France (1515 – 47) represent this New Monarchy? He signed the Concordat of Bologna giving French kings the power to appoint high church officials | 
How did King Henry VII represent the New Monarchy? He established the Star Chamber – a court system for the nobility | 
How did Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand represent the New Monarchs? They united Spain into a centralized state, and persecuted non-Catholics 

Thursday Sept 1 & Friday the 2nd:

What were northern religious reformers during the Renaissance referred to as? Christian Humanists 
This most famous religious reformer from Amsterdam wrote a book poking fun at the corruptness of the Catholic Church. What was his name and the name of his book? Eramus' Praise of Folly 
What quote characterized the impact Erasmus had on the Reformation? "Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched" 
Legend had it that Luther nailed this document to the door of his church in Wittenburg Germany? 95 Thesis | 
What incident set off Luther to speak out against the corruptness of the Catholic Church? The sale of indulgences | 
What was the purpose of buying indulgences? To shorten someone's time in purgatory | 
Why was Pope Leo X so interested in selling indulgences? To build St. Peter's Basilica | 
What were Luther's major reform on the true path to salvation? It could be achieved by faith alone - sola fide | 
What concept of Luther's posed a challenge to the power of the Church? Sola scriptura - the bible was the only source of religious doctrine | 
This event in which Luther was asked to recant his teachings, attended by Emperor Charles V ended up helping to spread his beliefs? The Diet of Worms | 
The spreading of Lutheranism and other reformers was greatly impacted by this technology? The printing press | 
What event demonstrated that Luther, while a reformer, did not believe in equality on earth? His backing of the nobility in the Peasants War | 
In addition to being the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Charles V was also the monarch of what lands? Spain, Austria and all Hapsburg holdings. 
How did this impact the spread of Lutheranism? Charles was too busy defending his new colonies and fighting the Ottomans to stop it | 
Why did many princes in the Northern Holy Roman Empire back Lutheranism? To gain church land, taxes and appointments | 
Charles' obligations forced him to sign this agreement with Northern Lutheran princes? The Peace of Augsburg |
What did this peace treaty mandate? Northern princes would decide which religion their people would follow | 
In what is sometimes known as the 2nd wave of the Reformation this man set up a theocracy in Geneva Switzerland? John Calvin |
What is a theocracy? A state ruled by the church | 

iz Tuesday August 30 & Weds August 31 
 What context or events were talking place during the time of the Renaissance? The Age of Exploration and The Reformation 
Why did the Renaissance shift to Northwestern Europe? Italy was invaded by France & the Holy Roman Empire and the printing press had spread its ideas 
How did Raphael's School of Athens celebrate classicalism? It featured ancient philosophers Plato & Aristotle 
These philosophers studied classical political examples from Ancient Athens & the Roman Republic? Civic Humanists 
What was the goal of these Renaissance political philosophers? To improve ways of governing and create better citizens
Why did the Renaissance shift from Italy to Northwest Europe? Italy was invaded by France & the Spain and the discovery of a new trade route around Africa bypassed Italy's monopoly on trade with the Ottoman Empire
How did the "sack of Rome" in 1527 impact The Church? Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire controlled the Pope 
What are the "low countries"? Modern day Belgium & the Netherlands |
What techniques did Renaissance artists use? Geometric perspectives and realism |
How did Michelangelo's painting of the Sistine Chapel exemplify the Renaissance? It combined classical art with religious themes |
How was the Northern Renaissance different from the Italian Renaissance? It was more focused on religion  |
What was a popular theme of Northern Renaissance art? Everyday life and people | Context of the Renaissance: the Reformation, The Age of Exploration, the Commercial Revolution
​These two styles of art followed Renaissance Art? Mannerism and Baroque  

Quiz Thurs/Friday August 25th & 26th:

This man is considered the Father of Humanism? Petrarch.  
Define "secularism" - the separation of the state or government from religion
What “classics” were Renaissance philosophers studying – the writings of ancient Greece & Rome
How might classics pose a challenge to the Catholic Church? The Ancient Greeks & Romans were not Christians
How did Lorenzo Valla's mastery of Latin pose a challenge to The Church? He discovered that The Donation of Constantine which gave the Pope political authority was a forgery
Who used the visual arts to promote personal, political, and religious goals? Wealthy merchants, royalty, and the Catholic Church
Give examples of the humanist ideal of "individualism:" - biographies, portraits, and artists signing their works
This work was a "how to" guide to becoming socially and politically successful? Castiglione's The Courtier  
What was the message of Pico della Mirandola's the Oration on the Dignity of Man? That human potential and reason could demonstrate the "divine" in humans |
​When did Gutenberg develop the printing press?  The1450s. 
What was the impact of the printing press? It spread the ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation and increased literacy rates
This writer wrote a controversial book about how to be the ideal ruler in the Renaissance. Machiavelli. 
In his work The Prince, what quote captured the secular concept that rulers might have to be ruthless? "It is better to be feared than loved!"

Quiz Tuesday & Weds August 23 & 24:

What was the “Great Schism? When there were two popes in the 1300s
What was the impact of the Great Schism? Some began to question the legitimacy of The Church
What impact did the 100 Years War of the 13th century have? Monarchs wanted to centralize their power
What impact did the Great Plague have?  It upset the social order of feudalism
What was "Scholasticism? Medieval education focused on religious studies |  
What does the word Renaissance mean? Rebirth  
The Renaissance is considered the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of this era? Early Modern Era 
The Renaissance introduced this system of studies in education? Humanities  
What were the dates of the Renaissance? approximately 1300 to 1600  
This event brought new Greek scholars and writings into Italy and Western Europe? The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks  
Why was Italy the ideal place for the start of the Renaissance? 
1. It was the center of Mediterranean trade.
2. It had a mostly urban population of city states
​3. It lacked a central government | 
Italian trade produced this new class of "nobility:" Merchants and bankers | 
How did the Medici family exemplify this new noble class? Their governing power was a result of new wealth. 
What role did the Medici play in the Renaissance? They were patrons of Renaissance artists. 
How did the Renaissance create a new mindset for many Europeans? They began to focus on achieving success in their current lives rather than just the afterlife. 

Quiz Weds April 6:

This night in 1938 demonstrated the antisemitism in Germany and foreshadowed things to come? Kristallnacht
This event allowed the Germans to test their newly acquired modern weapons especially their air force:
What angered Germans about the Treaty of Versailles that drove them towards fascism and totalitarianism?

• The War Guilt Clause
• Hyperinflation

What three leaders were associated with the totalitarian regimes that developed after WWI?

• Adolf Hitler
• Mussolini
• Stalin

Who were the main members of the Axis Powers?

• Germany
• Italy
• Japan

What is totalitarianism? a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state
What lands did Germany “invade” prior to a declaration of war? The Rhineland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia
What England & France’s policy of allowing these invasions called? Appeasement
When appeasement failed what famous Prime Minister took over the government and the war efforts for England? Winston Churchill
When Germany invaded this country England & France declared war on them? Poland
What was the Wannsee Conference? Where the Nazi’s planned the “Final Solution” for the extermination of the Jewish population
What happened at the Yalta conference? FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met to decide what would happen following the war
What realization was made at this conference? That the Soviet Union would maintain control over Eastern Europe

Quiz Tuesday March 29: 

Why did the U.S. not join the League of Nations? The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty. 
What made Woodrow Wilson the idealist at the Paris Peace Conference in 1918 & Clemenceau & Lloyd George "realpolitiks"? Wilson wanted to make the world safe for democracy while the British & French public wanted Germany to pay for WWI. 
What was the "mandate system?" Great Britain & France divided up the colonies of the losers of WW1 and ruled them. 
What were the Germans forced to accept with the Treaty of Versailles? Territorial losses, demilitarization, a "war guilt clause," & to pay reparations. 
What was the foreign policy of the United States between the two world wars? Isolationism. 
What new "democratic states" were created out of the Austrian Empire? Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, and Hungary. 
What state evolved out of the Ottoman Empire? Turkey. 
Because they printed more money to pay back reparations Germany faced what massive economic issue? Inflation. 
What was the US plan to help Germany pay back it's war debts called? the Dawes Plan. 
This event helped launch totalitarianism in Europe? The Great Depression. 
What was the British & US plan to alleviate the economic issues of the Great Depression? Keynesian Economics. 
What is Keynesian Economics? Increased government spending during times of economic depressions & recessions. 
This far left socialist movement won elections in France & Spain in the late 30s? The Popular Front. 
What is totalitarianism? All economic, political, social, and religious aspects are controlled by the government. 
What technique helped drive total obedience of the public to totalitarian dictatorships? Propaganda. 
What far right nationalistic movement was created by Mussolini in Italy? Fascism. 
What helped drive support for the fascist dictatorships in Germany, Italy and some eastern-European countries? Economic despair, fear of communism, and promises to a return to glory. 
Stalin instituted these economic plans to industrialize the Soviet Union? 5-Year Plans. 
This agricultural practice of Stalin led to widespread famine? Collectivization. 
These Soviet labor camps symbolized political repression. The Gulags. 
Stalin's plan to lock up political rivals & "enemies of the revolution" were known as? The Great Purges. 
In Hitler's book Mein Kampf he called for "lebensraum". What did this mean? "Living space or the need for more land.  
Hitler appointed this man as his minister of propaganda? Goebbels. 
Japan's totalitarian regime was ruled by whom? The military. 
Identify these "interwar period" art forms:
dadaism: anti-art demonstrating the absurdity of life. 
Surrealism: fantasies, nightmares, & dreams. 
Bauhaus - functional architecture & design. 
This controversial book symbolized the sense of disillusionment and instability of the interwar period? James Joyce's Ulysses 

Quiz Tuesday March 8:

Causes of WW1: MANIA - Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism,  Assassination. 
What were the dates of WWI? 1914 - 1918
What military technology helped create "trench-warfare?" machine guns and barbed wire.  
What military technologies were used to try to break the stalemate? Aircraft bombing, poison gas, and the tank. 
What was the name German military  plan which called for knocking out France first and then focusing on Russia? The Schlieffen Plan. 
Why did this plan bring the British into the war? Germany invaded neutral Belgium. 
Despite the naval "arms race" to develop this boat between Britain & Germany, it played a small role in the war? The Dreadnought. 
Germany's use of this eventually brought the U.S. into the war? Unrestricted U-Boat (submarine) warfare. 
Why was WW1 described as Total War? industries were nationalized and the entire populations were mobilized for the war effort. 
How did the perception of women change from WW1? They took on traditional male jobs. 
How were they rewarded in some countries? Many nations gave them the right to vote. 
Who else benefited from total war? Unions and industrialists. 
How did Lawrence of Arabia bring conflict to post-war settlement? He promised Arabs independent states despite the Balfour Declaration which promised a state for Jews in Palestine. 
​What was the nickname given to artists & soldiers who had fought in WW1? The Lost Generation. 
What empires were destroyed and divided up into smaller nations after WWI? Austrian & Ottoman

Quiz Thursday:

What long-term problems did WWI expose in Russia:

• Political stagnation
• Incomplete industrialization
• Primitive agricultural practices
• Lack of an educated middle class

Context question – what former Russian Tsars tried to modernize but failed to finish the job? Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, & Alexander II
What was the Russian Revolution of 1905 about? Labor strikes, mass demonstrations
What was Tsar Nicholas’ initial response? Military fired on crowds
What reforms did the tsar institute? Created a constitution, a national legislature, and a multi-party system
What was one problem that plagued Russian rulers in creating a united nation state? It was multi-ethnic with huge distances between populated areas
What was the result of the March Revolution in Russia? The Romanov dynasty was dissolved and a provisional government installed. 
Who led the November Revolution in Russia? Lenin & The Bolsheviks. 
What did Lenin call for? Immediate end to the war, seizure of land and industry.  Lenin's Bolshevik ally Trotsky negotiated this treaty which lost of lot of land for the Russian? Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. 
The Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1922 saw this two armies face off? The Red Bolshevik Army & The White Army. 
These countries provided aid and invaded Russia during the Civil War? The U.S., Great Britain, & Japan. 
What was the Red Terror? When Bolshevik Communists purged political rivals. 
What was the result of Lenin's War Communism? Famine & failing industry. 
Who competed to replace Lenin? Trotsky & Stalin.

Quiz Weds March 2: 
What did psychologist Sigmund Freud espouse? That humans irrationally suppress subconscious desires.  
What did philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche assert? That chaos was inherent in nature and reality was beyond human reason. 
British sociologist Herbert Spencer applied Charles Darwin's ideas to human affairs with? Social Darwinism & the idea of "survival of the fittest." 
Nationalists distorted Darwin's theories to advance what two concepts? Racial inferiority & imperialism. 
A new pseudoscience was developed that taught that a superior race could be developed was known as? Eugenics. 
Albert Einstein discovered that the splitting of an atom might release this? massive amounts of energy & destruction. 
Marie Curie discovered that? some atoms emitted radioactive energy. 
What impact did the new sciences & philosophies of the late 19th & early 20 century have? The embraced the irrational and upset Newton's model of a harmonious "universal machine." 
When did "New Imperialism take place? Late 1800's to WWI. 
Where did European nations look to colonize during "new imperialism?" Asia and Africa. 
What were the motives & rationales of new imperialism? 1. Economic, 2. Competition/Nationalism. 3. Racism/Social Darwinism. 4. Religion. 
How did the 2nd Industrial Revolution contribute to "new imperialism"? It created the need for more raw materials & new markets.  
This event epitomized imperial powers lack of respect for the welfare of colonized states? The Opium Wars (also acceptable King Leopold of Belgium's treatment of the Congolese ). 
This man discovered diamonds in South Africa and named a country after himself? Cecil Rhodes. 
What percentage of the world's landmass did Great Britain control by the end of the age of "new imperialism?" 1/4. 
What was the Fashoda Crisis? Britain & French troops almost fought over control of the Suez Canal. What was the impact of the Fashoda Crisis? It increased tension that imperialism could lead to war. 
What were the Boer Wars of 1899 - 1902? A military conflict between the British army & Dutch colonizers. 
What was the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884/5 on Africa? It divided control of continent between 14 European countries & the U.S. 
Who led the Berlin Conference? Otto van Bismarck.
This poem epitomized the racist social-Darwinian rationale to new imperialism? Rudyard Kipling's The White Man's Burden. 
What technologies allowed European nations to control such vast colonies in the age of new imperialism? steam power, telegraphs, machine guns, and quinine to treat malaria. 
What was the Meiji Restoration? Japan developed "western" industrial & military technologies. 
These events showed that as colonized nations were exposed to Western education & technologies they would use them to rebel? India's Sepoy Mutiny & China's Boxer Rebellion.  
​These two military defeats struck a blow to European "white supremacy?" Russo-Japanese War (1905) & Italy's defeat to Ethiopia.

Quiz Thursday 2/24:

During the 2nd Industrial Revolution bourgeois families embraced the nuclear family and "cult of domesticity" - define both: 1. "nuclear family" parents & children. 2. Cult of Domesticity - distinct gender roles in the home
By 1900 what reforms / developments improved the lives of the working classes? 1. higher wages 2. improved diet 3. Child labor laws 4. social welfare programs
What impact did "compulsory education" have? 1. created more productive citizens 2. Citizens became more involved in politics
By 1914 most nations embraced this type of political participation? Universal male suffrage
As more workers gained the right to vote these organizations addressed their concerns: 1. Socialist political parties 2. Workers unions
Feminists like Flora Tristan & Josephine Butler pushed for these rights? 1. The right to divorce 2. The right to own property & businesses
Women were extremely active in social reform movements like the temperance movement. What was the temperance movement? A push to make alcohol illegal
Urban reformers called for these infrastructure projects to clean up the slums? 1. sewage & water systems 2. Public lighting 3. Public housing
Urban reformers like Octavia Hill wanted cheap public housing with parks. What negative impact did it have? Slums were destroyed dislocating many of the urban poor
The massive growth of factories created this new class of workers? "White-collar"
​Urban reform 
Increased voting led to this political age in Europe? Mass politics
The power vacuum following Napoleon III's capture in the Franco Prussian war led to this bloody uprising ? The Paris Commune
What resulted in its aftermath? the 3rd Republic - a democratic parliamentary system 
This political ideology wanted no governments? Anarchism 
This event demonstrated the rising antisemitism  following the religious toleration of the Enlightenment? The Dreyfus Affair
Bismarck's attack on the Catholic church in an attempt to unify the German states under the newly formed German empire failed. What was it known as? Kulturkampf 
What rising ideology in an increasingly industrialized state was hated by conservative Bismarck, but embraced by the new emperor of the German Empire? Socialism
What two states finally embraced Western industrial methods by 1900? Russia & Japan
​

Quiz Wednesday 2/9:

Describe the Crimean War: Russia v. Ottoman Empire, France & England
What impact did the war have on Russia? Realized the need to industrialize
Who was Russia upset with since they didn't have their back? Austria
This historic nurse highlighted the need for military healthcare? Florence Nightingale 
This nationalist of the Italian revolutions in 1848 failed but set the stage for future unification? Mazzini
This politician and practitioner of realpolitik, representing the House of Savoy & Piedmont Sardinia a powerful Northern Italian state, saw Italian unification as an opportunity to increase the power of his king? Cavour
This revolutionary and nationalist took over the Southern Italian states? Garibaldi
​When this revolutionary & his "Red Shirts" conquered the South, who became the king of a united Italy? King Emanuel 
What year did Italy officially become a nation? 1871
What ideologies did Otto von Bismark utilize to gain support for Prussia & his King Wilhelm I? Nationalism, conservatism, and liberalism
How did he unify the German states? Through wars - aka "Blood & Iron"
What did the EMS Telegram represent? Bismark using the mass media to trick France into declaring war
What two wars to all of the German States even the Catholic South rally to support Prussia? 7 Weeks War vs. Austria and the Franco Prussian War
What advantages did Prussia & German States have in fighting the wars? An extensive railroad system and a modern military
Surrounded by rulers of the various German states where was King Wilhelm I declared Kaiser of the New German Empire in 1871? Versailles
What was key outcomes of the Franco-Prussian War that would impact the balance of power & future wars? France now hated Germany not England 

Quiz Weds 1/26:
In the Industrial Revolution power shifted from the church & noble families to? Industrialist families and corporations. 
Around what dates did the “first” industrial revolution take place? 1750 to 1850. 
What preconditions are required for an industrial revolution? Raw materials, agricultural revolution, increase in demand, labor force. 
What advantages helped Britain lead the first industrial revolution? 1. Natural resources - coal, rivers.
2. Agricultural Revolution – enclosure movement.
3. Banking and credit system.
4. Laissez-faire government representing bourgeoisie/middle class interests.
5. Entrepreneurs.
6. Colonies  
What impact did Britain’s Agricultural Revolution have? 
1. Less agricultural workers needed led to a surplus of industrial workers.
2. Food to feed a growing and more urban population.
3. Increased capital to invest in industry. 
This is the theory that food supplies could never keep up with rising populations. Malthusian Trap. 
What was Britain’s first major industry which helped spawn the industrial revolution? Textiles / cotton cloth. 
What types of power helped replace humans in running machines? Water & steam. | 
This machine weaved cloth much faster? The Spinning Jenny | 
Machinery led to the creation of these? Factories  |
Factories put an end to this type of economic production? the Cottage or Putting Out System | 
Factory cities created these symbols of urban squalor? 
1. Tenements
2. Lack of sanitation
3. Smog
4. Disease | 
Who is credited with creating the steam engine? Watt. The demand for steam power led to the need for this cheap fuel source? Coal. 
These two forms of transportation helped carry heavy products and to markets? Steamboats & railroads. | 
This event demonstrated to the world Britain's dominance in industrialization? The Crystal Palace Palace Exhibition of 1851 |
What continental states industrialized after Britain? Belgium, France, & Prussia | 
Unlike Britain continental industrialization relied on what type of aide? Government as opposed to private |
This man created a "national system" in Germany before there was a Germany? Freidrich List |
What is he most known for? Created a railroad network | 
What was the Zollverein? An economic union of German states created by Prussia |
 What conditions made most of Central & Eastern Europe (besides Prussia) to lag behind in the Industrial Revolution? 1. Geography
2. Lack of resources
3. Persistence of serfdom
4. Dominance of the elites 

Quiz Weds 1/19:

What did the revolutions of 1830 & 1848 demonstrate? 1. Rising nationalism & liberalism 2. Dissatisfaction with the conservatism of the Congress of Vienna |
Which revolutions were "nationalistic"? Belgium, German, Polish, & Italy |
What was the driving ideal of nationalism? States should be based on common cultures & ethnicity | 
Which revolution demonstrated rising liberalism & even socialism? Paris 1830 & 48 |
What precipitated the French Revolution of 1830? Dissatisfaction with the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy  | 
What caused the French Revolution of 1848? Dissatisfaction with voting requirements |  What was the outcome of the French Revolution of 1848? Universal male suffrage & the election of Napoleon III |
This event demonstrated the conservatism of England following the French Revolution? The Peterloo Massacre |
How did England avoid the Revolutions of 1848? By instituting reforms - the repeal of the Corn Acts & institution of a 10-Hour Work day |
What were the ideals of Utopian Socialist? Improving working conditions through "cooperation" |
Why did Karl Marx criticize Utopian Socialists? He thought they were naive about the evils of capitalism |
Why were revolutions in the Austrian Empire unsuccessful? Hungarians, Czechs, & Slavs refused to work together
This gathering was the first attempt to create a unified Germany? the Frankfurt Assembly
Why did it fail? Austria & Prussia refused to join
How is Romanticism tied to Nationalism? artists often embraced their past cultures

Quiz Thursday:
Quiz: What was the Congress of Vienna? A meeting of ambassadors to negotiate the settlement of the Napoleonic Wars and French Revolution |
What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? 
1. Maintain "balance of power" between the states
2. Stop revolutions
3. Restore the old order
4. Promote Stability |
What was the nickname of Europe following the Congress of Vienna? The Concert of Europe |
Who was the "architect" of the Congress of Vienna? Austria's Metternich |
What rising nations did the "architect" fear? Prussia & Russia |
The Congress of Vienna is associated with the spread of this political ideology? Conservatism |
What institutions of power did the delegates to Vienna want restored? 
1. The monarchy
2. The nobility
3. The Church | 
To create political balance the delegates made this country an equal in continental affairs? France | 
What did the delegates make this country implement? Restore a Bourbon to the throne | 
In what way was the Congress of Vienna successful?   There were no major wars for 100 years | 
In what ways was it not successful? Revolutions broke out in 1830 & 1848 | 
What did conservatives of the early 1800's embrace? A return to the old order and political rule by the elite |   
What did classical liberals of the 1800's embrace? 
1. Little government interference
2. Expanding political participation
3. Protection of rights | 
This author of Reflections on the French Revolution is considered the founder of modern conservatism? Edmund Burke | 

Quiz Thursday 12/10:
What were the four accomplishments of the early "liberal phase" of the French Revolution: Establish constitutional monarchy, nationalized the church, abolished hereditary rights, 
The Vendee Revolts demonstrated: parts of the French rural population was more conservative and supported the Catholic church, 
What was the Levee en Masse? all able body Frenchmen were conscripted into the military
Why was the Levee en Masse unique & popular? Frenchmen would be fighting for the country not a dynasty like the Bourbons, 
This Women wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women? Olympes de Gouges
Name a right women gained during the French Revolution: easier to get divorced
Although women participated enthusiastically in the early phases what outcomes resulted? They gained some rights but had them taken away under Napoleon
After the execution of Robespierre came the Thermidorian Reaction which resulted in? shutting down of Jacobin clubs & the Committee of Public Safety and a move away from radicalism
Why did the crowning of Napoleon as emperor signal an end of the "old order?" He did not come from a significant noble family
What domestic accomplishments did Napoleon institute? A bureaucracy built on merit, no noble rights, made peace with the Catholic church, and established the Napoleonic Code
Why was the Napoleonic Code significant? it provided a uniform system of law and equality under the law
In what ways could Napoleon be seen as despotic?  he abolished freedom of the press and instituted a “secret police” to spy on his people
Describe the concept of "Spreading the Revolution:" countries Napoleon conquered had to abolish noble rights, and institute equality under the law
What was the "Continental System"? conquered European nations were forbidden from buying British goods
Resentment of the Continental System and rule led to this in the conquered nations? They developed their own sense of nationalism
What ended Napoleon's military dominance? his invasion of Russia
After escaping from the island Elba, this defeat marked the end of the Napoleonic Era?  The Battle of Waterloo  

Quiz Weds 11/3:

What were the dates of the Commercial Revolution? The late middle ages to the mid-1700s
What were two examples of new wealthy classes created by the commercial revolution who hold "noble status?" In England the Landed Gentry in French the Nobles of the Robe
The Reformation brought an end to many beloved holidays like this one which allowed people to sin before Easter? Carnival
The dislocation of peasant farmers to cities meant urban elite had  to deal with these huge problems? Crime, sanitation, & job creation
What Reformation example provided a model for ridding cities of sin? Calvin's Geneva
Dealing with issues like prostitution, begging, and public drunkenness gave local governments this title? Moral Police
What types of punishments would be imposed on criminals? Public humiliation - stockades, public whippings, etc. |
What were the dates of the Witchcraft hysteria? 1580 to 1650
What were some of the causes of the witchcraft craze? The Reformation, religious wars, migration, and new roles for women
How did the Reformation impact women's roles? Many more became literate and taught their children to read the bible
The rising middle class of the commercial revolution were often referred to as? The bourgeoisie 
What are some examples of Eastern Europe falling behind during the Commercial Revolution? Serfdom continued & they lacked an urban class of merchants
Define the nuclear family: 2 generations - parents and their children
What impact did the commercial revolution have on families in Western Europe? They waited until later ages to get married and had less children
How was the family structure in Eastern Europe different during this era?  They had more children and lived in large multi-generational houses
The rising upper middle classes often wanted what? A voice in their government
Who carried out most governmental duties in the middle ages? The Church
What are some examples? They collected taxes, had courts & laws, and provided services
In what ways did the New Monarchs of the 16th Century pave the way for governments of the 17th Century? The attempted to centralize authority over the church and nobility
What three models of government developed during the 1600s? Absolutism, Constitutionalism, & Republics | 

Quiz Weds 10/13:

What fields did the Scientific Revolution focus on? Mathematics, physics, anatomy, and chemistry.
What are the approximate dates of the Scientific Revolution? 1500 to 1700
Theories by these three Classical/Ancient Greek & Roman philosophers were overturned during the scientific revolution: Aristotle, Ptolemy, & Galen
The context & need for technology of this movement helped spur the Scientific Revolution: The Age of Exploration
This astronomer introduced the heliocentric theory of the universe? Copernicus
What did this theory go against? Ptolemy's geocentric model and biblical doctrine
What is the difference between geocentric and heliocentric models? Geo places the earth in the center of the universe & helio places the sun
What instrument/technology helped Galileo further the work of Copernicus? the telescope
What happened to Galileo after he published the Starry Messenger?  The Roman Inquisition and Catholic Church made him recant his teachings
How did Sir Issac Newton build on the teachings of Copernicus & Galileo? He introduced the universal law of gravitation in which planetary motion is guided by gravity
What is anatomy? study of the internal organs and structure of the body
Study of anatomy overturned this ancient physician? Galen.
This anatomist described the circulation of blood from the heart? William Harvey
These two scientists introduced inductive and deductive reasoning? Descartes and Francis Bacon
Both of these thoughts on reasoning helped introduced this scientific approach? The Scientific Method
This approach focused science on these concepts to prove theories? Experiments and data collection

Quiz Tuesday 10/5:

​What is the main definition of "religious pluralism?" Multiple Christian Faiths
In what ways did the French Wars of Religion demonstrate the challenges of centralizing authority for monarchies and dynasties? 
1. The Catholic Valois King was undermined by the Huguenot Bourbon family and ultra-Catholic Geese dynasty  
2. Foreigners participated on both sides
This woman wield political power in the French Wars of Religion? Catherine de Medici
In what way did this woman who married into the Valois dynasty represent attempts to reconcile political differences peacefully? She was a politiqui who put power over religion
What was the impact of Henry of Bourbon becoming the king of France? 
1. He set the stage for hundred of years of Bourbon rule.
2. His dynasty set the stage for absolute monarchs to rule in France. 
What did Henry the IVth do that showed the French Wars of Religion might have been more about political power? He converted to Catholicism when he became king
What quote demonstrated this idea? Paris is worth a mass
This king of Spain became the main warrior of the Catholic Faith? Phillip II
What was the impact did the influx of precious metals into Spain have? It led to inflation
Spain's constants wars led the king do to seek taxes from this Hapsburg region? The Spanish Netherlands
The Northern "Low Countries" united forming this group under this noble leader? The Union of Utrecht under William of Orange
Elizabeth I's aid to French and "Low Country" Protestants prompted this response? Phillips launching of the Spanish Armada to capture England
What impact did Philips response combined with economic hardships have? Spain became a less powerful
This event launched the 30 Years War? The Defenestration of Prague by the Calvinist King
What phases of the 30 Years War were about religion? The Bohemian and Danish
 
What phases were about politics and balance of power? The Swedish and French |
What event demonstrated that the 30 Years War wasn't solely a religious War? The entry of the Catholic French on the side of the Protestants
What was the peace settlement of the 30 Years War called? The Peace of Westphalia
What were the outcomes of the 30  Years War? 
1. Religious pluralism was guaranteed 
2. The military revolution was established
3. The Netherlands gained independence.
4. It established France as the most powerful nation in Europe and opened the door for absolute monarchies
What were the dates of the 30 Years War? 1618 - 1648

Quiz Thursday 23rd: 
center of trade shifts from Mediterranean to Atlantic Seaboard,
motivations for exploring, 
monarchs sponsored voyages to expand their political & economic base,
Xavier - Jesuit missionary,
religion as justification for subjugation of indigenous people, "glory" = Renaissance individualism,
Prince Henry the Navigator,
Portugal down the coast of Africa,
Dias, Vasco de Gama,
Treaty of Tordisillas,
new navigational technologies, guns and horses,
Conquistadors, Cortes - Aztec Empire,  Pizaro - Inca, disease,
 sugar cane,
Middle Passage,
Planter Society,
Triangular Trade,
Colombian Exchange,
Goods from New world to Europe,
Goods from Europe to New World,
impacts of Age of Exploration,

Quiz Friday 9/17

How did Mannerism art differ from Renaissance? It featured distortions and exaggerations | 
What did the differences in style represent? The turbulent times of the Reformation & Religious Wars |
 How was Baroque art different? It was highly ornate, and emotional | 
Who became major patrons of Baroque art? the Catholic church |
 What were the dates of the rise of the so-called “New Monarchs?” 1450 – 1550 | 
What was the main goal of the New Monarchs? To centralize their power | 
What institutions and practices to the need to control in order to do this?
1. The Nobility,
2. the Church,
3. create a national army,
4. establish a central tax and bureaucracy
What is a bureaucrat? a Government employee | 
What  bureaucratic position was essential to new monarchs? Tax collector | 
Who did these positions traditionally go to? Nobles | 
Why would a new monarch prefer a bureaucrat take on this position? They would more likely be loyal | 
What did the creation of a bureaucracy establish? A small middle-class | 
What context gave rise to the New Monarchs? The 100 Years War  | 
What did the establishment of the New Monarchs lay the foundation for? The “nation-state” | 
How did Francis I of France (1515 – 47) represent this New Monarchy? He signed the Concordat of Bologna giving French kings the power to appoint high church officials | 
How did King Henry VII represent the New Monarchy? He established the Star Chamber – a court system for the nobility | 
How did Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand represent the New Monarchs? They united Spain into a centralized state, and persecuted non-Catholics 

Friday 8/10​

What were northern religious reformers during the Renaissance referred to as? Christian Humanists |
This most famous religious reformer from Amsterdam wrote a book poking fun at the corruptness of the Catholic Church. What was his name and the name of his book? Eramus' Praise of Folly 
What quote characterized the impact Erasmus had on the Reformation? "Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched" 
Legend had it that Luther nailed this document to the door of his church in Wittenburg Germany? 95 Thesis | 
What incident set off Luther to speak out against the corruptness of the Catholic Church? The sale of indulgences | 
What was the purpose of buying indulgences? To shorten someones time in purgatory | 
Why was Pope Leo X so interested in selling indulgences? To build St. Peter's Basilica | 
What were Luther's major reform on the true path to to salvation? It could be achieved by faith alone - sola fide | 
What concept of Luther's posed a challenge to the power of the Church? Sola scriptura - the bible was the only source of religious doctrine | 
This event in which Luther was asked to recant his teachings, attended by Emperor Charles V ended up helping to spread his beliefs? The Diet of Worms | The spreading of Lutheranism and other reformers was greatly impacted by this technology? The printing press | 
What event demonstrated that Luther, while a reformer, did not believe in equality on earth? His backing of the nobility in the Peasants War | 
In addition to being the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Charles V was also the monarch of what lands? Spain, Austria and all Hapsburg holdings. 
How did this impact the spread of Lutheranism? Charles was too busy defending his new colonies and fighting the Ottomans to stop it | 
Why did many princes in the Northern Holy Roman Empire back Lutheranism? To gain church land, taxes and appointments | 
Charles' obligations forced him to sign this agreement with Northern Lutheran princes? The Peace of Augsburg |
What did this peace treaty mandate? Northern princes would decide which religion their people would follow | 
In what is sometimes known as the 2nd wave of the Reformation this man set up a theocracy in Geneva Switzerland? John Calvin |
What is a theocracy? A state ruled by the church | 
Calvin believed that God had already chosen who was going to Heaven in a concept known as? Predestination

Quiz Tuesday September 31:

This man is considered the Father of Humanism? Petrarch.  
Define "secularism" - the separation of the state or government from religion
What “classics” were Renaissance philosophers studying – the writings of ancient Greece & Rome
How might classics pose a challenge to the Catholic Church? The Ancient Greeks & Romans were not Christians
How did Lorenzo Valla's mastery of Latin pose a challenge to The Church? He discovered that The Donation of Constantine which gave the Pope political authority was a forgery
Who used the visual arts to promote personal, political, and religious goals? Wealthy merchants, royalty, and the Catholic Church
Give examples of the humanist ideal of "individualism:" - biographies, portraits, and artists signing their works
This work was a "how to" guide to becoming socially and politically successful? Castiglione's The Courtier  
What was the message of Pico della Mirandola's the Oration on the Dignity of Man? That human potential and reason could demonstrate the "divine" in humans |
​When did Gutenberg develop the printing press?  The1450s. 
What was the impact of the printing press? It spread the ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation and increased literacy rates
This writer wrote a controversial book about how to be the ideal ruler in the Renaissance. Machiavelli. 
In his work The Prince, what quote captured the secular concept that rulers might have to be ruthless? "It is better to be feared than loved!"

Quiz Thursday:

What context or events were taking place during the time of the Renaissance? The Age of Exploration and The Reformation 
Why did the Renaissance shift to Northwestern Europe? Italy was invaded by France & the Holy Roman Empire and the printing press had spread its ideas 
How did Raphael's School of Athens celebrate classicalism? It featured ancient philosophers Plato & Aristotle 
These philosophers turned to classical examples like Ancient Athens & the Roman Republic for ideas on governing and improving society? Civic Humanists
Why did the Renaissance shift from Italy to Northwest Europe? Italy was invaded by France & the Holy Roman Empire and the discovery of a new trade route around Africa bypassed Italy's monopoly on trade with the Ottoman Empire
How did the "sack of Rome" in 1527 impact The Church? Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire controlled the Pope
What are the "low countries"? Modern day Belgium & the Netherlands 
What techniques did Renaissance artists use? Geometric perspectives and realism |
How did Michelangelo's painting of the Sistine Chapel exemplify the Renaissance? It combined classical art with religious themes 
How was the Northern Renaissance different from the Italian Renaissance? It was more focused on religion  
What was a popular theme of Northern Renaissance art? Everyday life and people |
What context influenced the Renaissance: the Reformation, The Age of Exploration, the Commercial Revolution
These two styles of art followed Renaissance Art? Mannerism and Baroque  

Quiz Thursday August 26 & Friday the 27th - memorize the answers to your quiz:

​What was the “Great Schism? When there were two popes in the 1300s
What was the impact of the Great Schism? Some began to question the legitimacy of The Church
What impact did the 100 Years War of the 13th century have? Monarchs wanted to centralize their power
What impact did the Great Plague have?  It upset the social order of feudalism
What was "Scholasticism? Medieval education focused on religious studies |  
What does the word Renaissance mean? Rebirth | 
The Renaissance is considered the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of this era? Early Modern Era | 
The Renaissance introduced this system of studies in education? Humanities | 
What were the dates of the Renaissance? approximately 1300 to 1600 | 
This event brought new Greek scholars and writings into Italy and Western Europe? The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks | 
Why was Italy the ideal place for the start of the Renaissance? 1. It was the center of Mediterranean trade. 2. It had a mostly urban population of city states 3. It lacked a central government | 
Italian trade produced this new class of "nobility:" Merchants and bankers | 
How did the Medici family exemplify this new noble class? Their governing power was a result of new wealth. 
What role did the Medici play in the Renaissance? They were patrons of Renaissance artists. 
How did the Renaissance create a new mindset for many Europeans? They began to focus on achieving success in their current lives rather than just the afterlife. 

Previous Years' HW

Home-learning:

wars_of_religion_study_guide.pdf
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AMSCO Answer Key

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Old Homework:

Tuesday 5/12:  Edpuzzle Unit 7

Friday May 8th: I want you to make a SPRITE Chart (yes a lot of you do SPICE - but a lot of Euro teachers use SPRITE) from 1450 to 1900 (this one has more dates but you are only responsible for knowing those - you can stop at WWI)... Write it by hand and email me pictures to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. Make it neat so you can use it during your AP! 

Wednesday May 6th: Edpuzzle Unit 6 Industrialization & Mass Politics

Monday May 4: I want you to make an outline of the major events in the Review PDF below. Do it by topic - include heading, sub topics: context, main events, impact & bullet points from the info provided - You can write it by hand (and take pictures) or type it. Email to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com

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Friday May 1st: Timeline (below) Politics Continued - Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment (try to put Sci. Rev & Enlightenment - slides 2 & 3 on one page or make 3 pages) - same drill as last ones - email to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com

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Wednesday April 29: Edpuzzle Unit 5 - ZOOM THURSDAY AT NOON!! I'll post login later!

Monday April 27: Complete the study guide below:

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Due Friday 4/24: DBQ AP Practice... Ok I want you to try this like you are taking the AP... Review or keep your rubric handy.  Open up word / or Google Docs. Set a timer for 45 minutes. Open up the PDF below and GOOOO!!!! Email me your results to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com 

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Due Weds April 22: Edpuzzle Unit 4

Due Monday April 20: Create timeline like last time (below) - one overall course - other Early Politics - you can draw and send pictures, PowerPoint, or Google Slides: email to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com 

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Due Friday April 17: Edpuzzle 2020 DBQ - 

Due Wednesday April 15: Edpuzzle - Tom Richey Unit III

Due Monday April 13: Fill in the benchmarks AP Review below:

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Due Friday April 10 - Timeline Renaissance & Reformation. Please make a timeline based on the PDF below. You can do it by hand, make it in PowerPoint like I did or Google Slides, or there are some online versions... Email pictures, PowerPoints or Slides to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com - BE SURE TO INCLUDE CONTEXT ON THE BOTTOM! - Also email if you have questions! NOW THIS IS A TIMELINE!!! CHECK OUT AMANDA SALLES' below

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Due Weds April 8: Edpuzzle Unit II - The Reformation & More

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Due Monday April 6: Fill in the study guide below Zoom details- reviewing AP Benchmarks and email it to: jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com - this will give you an understanding of what you guys are expected to write about! Zoom meeting 1 pm copy & paste below:

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Due Friday April 3rd: Edpuzzle how to write an SAQ and Tom Richey's Unit I - I am rescheduling the Zoom for Monday... We have to take professional workshops on Thursday & Friday...

Join AP Central -  Period 3: Join Code: 6K9Y46 | Period 4: XJRVWZ | Period 5: Join Code: JR422E - NOW UNLOCKED

Due Wednesday April 1: SAQ on MyApclassroom about sciences in the late 1800s early 1900s... You have all of this in your notes or here's a hint think Darwin, Freud, Einstein, Curie - oops I'm giving you the answers! I will email you feedback - General guidlines for SAQs: separate your answer by letter. Try to write at least 3 sentences per letter: SAQ Overview - use the A.C.E. method: A - Answer/Address Prompt. C - Cite example or evidence. E - explain the importance/outcome

• • S1 - Provide a direct answer to the prompt
  • S2 - Elaborate on your answer/provide more details
  • S3 - Connect your answer back to the prompt; explain why your example is important/significant; what's the big deal?

Due Friday 3/21 - complete the guided reading below. Type your answers and email them to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com ALSO complete Edpuzzle Economic Depression & the Rise of Dictators

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 Due Weds 3/18 by midnight: Edpuzzle Russian Revolution Kahn Academy - NOTE There are some wrong answers by whoever created it... You will not be deducted - The Bolsheviks did not fight with the White Army.... they were the Red Army

Thursday 3/5 & Friday 3/6: Guided Reading  (below) Quiz from Wars of Religion & More Edpuzzle (study guide below)

Tuesday 3/10 & Weds 3/11: Epuzzle WWI - Quiz:

Tuesday 3/3 & Weds 3/4: Edpuzzle causes of WWI & Quiz ​- start guided reading for next class): 
What did psychologist Sigmund Freud espouse? That humans irrationally suppress subconscious desires.  
What did philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche assert? That chaos was inherent in nature and reality was beyond human reason. 
British sociologist Herbert Spencer applied Charles Darwin's ideas to human affairs with? Social Darwinism & the idea of "survival of the fittest." 
Nationalists distorted Darwin's theories to advance what two concepts? Racial inferiority & imperialism. 
A new pseudoscience was developed that taught that a superior race could be developed was known as? Eugenics. 
Albert Einstein discovered that the splitting of an atom might release this? massive amounts of energy & destruction. 
Marie Curie discovered that? some atoms emitted radioactive energy. 
What impact did the new sciences & philosophies of the late 19th & early 20 century have? The embraced the irrational and upset Newton's model of a harmonious "universal machine." 
When did "New Imperialism take place? Late 1800's to WWI. 
Where did European nations look to colonize during "new imperialism?" Asia and Africa. 
What were the motives & rationales of new imperialism? 1. Economic, 2. Competition/Nationalism. 3. Racism/Social Darwinism. 4. Religion. 
How did the 2nd Industrial Revolution contribute to "new imperialism"? It created the need for more raw materials & new markets.  
This event epitomized imperial powers lack of respect for the welfare of colonized states? The Opium Wars (also acceptable King Leopold of Belgium's treatment of the Congolese ). 
This man discovered diamonds in South Africa and named a country after himself? Cecil Rhodes. 
What percentage of the world's landmass did Great Britain control by the end of the age of "new imperialism?" 1/4. 
What was the Fashoda Crisis? Britain & French troops almost fought over control of the Suez Canal. What was the impact of the Fashoda Crisis? It increased tension that imperialism could lead to war. 
What were the Boer Wars of 1899 - 1902? A military conflict between the British army & Dutch colonizers. 
What was the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884/5 on Africa? It divided control of continent between 14 European countries & the U.S. 
Who led the Berlin Conference? Otto van Bismarck.
This poem epitomized the racist social-Darwinian rationale to new imperialism? Rudyard Kipling's The White Man's Burden. 
What technologies allowed European nations to control such vast colonies in the age of new imperialism? steam power, telegraphs, machine guns, and quinine to treat malaria. 
What was the Meiji Restoration? Japan developed "western" industrial & military technologies. 
These events showed that as colonized nations were exposed to Western education & technologies they would use them to rebel? India's Sepoy Mutiny & China's Boxer Rebellion.  
​These two military defeats struck a blow to European "white supremacy?" Russo-Japanese War (1905) & Italy's defeat to Ethiopia.

Test Thursday 2/27 & Friday 2/28: Worth 5 Grades - Concert of Europe, Isms (Liberalism, Conservatism, Romanticism, Socialism), Revolutions 1830 & 48, Industrial Revolution, Urban Reform, 2nd Scientific Revolution - Study Guides below

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Thursday 2/20 & Friday 2/21 Edpuzzle - Imperialism

Weds 2/19 & Thurs 2/20 - Start studying for test next week (below) - Guided Reading (below) Quiz :
During the 2nd Industrial Revolution bourgeois families embraced the nuclear family and "cult of domesticity" - define both: 1. "nuclear family" parents & children. 2. Cult of Domesticity - distinct gender roles in the home
By 1900 what reforms / developments improved the lives of the working classes? 1. higher wages 2. improved diet 3. Child labor laws 4. social welfare programs
What impact did "compulsory education" have? 1. created more productive citizens 2. Citizens became more involved in politics
By 1914 most nations embraced this type of political participation? Universal male suffrage
As more workers gained the right to vote these organizations addressed their concerns: 1. Socialist political parties 2. Workers unions
Feminists like Flora Tristan & Josephine Butler pushed for these rights? 1. The right to divorce 2. The right to own property & businesses
Women were extremely active in social reform movements like the temperance movement. What was the temperance movement? A push to make alcohol illegal
Urban reformers called for these infrastructure projects to clean up the slums? 1. sewage & water systems 2. Public lighting 3. Public housing
Urban reformers like Octavia Hill wanted cheap public housing with parks. What negative impact did it have? Slums were destroyed dislocating many of the urban poor
The massive growth of factories created this new class of workers? "White-collar"
​Urban reform 
Increased voting led to this political age in Europe? Mass politics
The power vacuum following Napoleon III's capture in the Franco Prussian war led to this bloody uprising ? The Paris Commune
What resulted in its aftermath? the 3rd Republic - a democratic parliamentary system 
This political ideology wanted no governments? Anarchism 
This event demonstrated the rising antisemitism  following the religious toleration of the Enlightenment? The Dreyfus Affair
Bismarck's attack on the Catholic church in an attempt to unify the German states under the newly formed German empire failed. What was it known as? Kulturkampf 
What rising ideology in an increasingly industrialized state was hated by conservative Bismarck, but embraced by the new emperor of the German Empire? Socialism
What two states finally embraced Western industrial methods by 1900? Russia & Japan

Thursday 2/13 & Friday 2/14 Edpuzzle 2nd Industrial Revolution Quiz:
This scientist developed germ theory? Louis Pasteur. 
This scientist developed bacteria theory? Joseph Lister. 
What impact did these scientists have? Death rate from disease & infections dropped 
This scientist wrote about the process of natural selection? Charles Darwin. 
When did the Realism art movement take place? 1850 to 1900
What impact did Realism have on European society? it drew attention to the social problems of the modern age
This writer drew attention to urban poverty in this work? Charles Dickens - Oliver Twist
What dates are associated with the 2nd Industrial Revolution? 1870 to WWI
This industrial concept symbolized the creation of massive factories? The assembly line
This process accelerated the transfer from iron to steel? The Bessemer process
What fuel replaced coal in the second industrial revolution as the most efficient? Oil 
Germany embraced this new industry making it one of the leading manufacturing nations in the world? Chemicals
What invention allowed factories to remain open continuously? Electricity
What new forms of communication made the world a more connected place? The telegraph, the telephone, and radio
What form of transportation in addition to expansion of railroad networks represented the transportation revolution of the later half of the 19th century: Steel hulled ships with combustible engines
Thanks to unions and liberal government reform what new social concept spread to the masses? Leisure time 
Governments helped promote these activities as a distraction to vice on the weekends? Organized sports
The 2nd Industrial Revolution saw the arrival of mass marketing. What is mass marketing? Promoting products through advertising and other means of communication
What is a consumer economy? When average people in your state can afford the goods produced

 ​Due Tuesday 2/11 & Weds. 2/12: Complete the guided reading below - Quiz: 
After his loss in the Crimean War what steps did Tsar Alexander II try to implement to modernize Russia? Abolishing serfdom, limiting censorship, and increasing education.
His assignation can be seen as the beginning of this ideology?  Anarchism.
How did Tsar Alexander III respond to his father's death? halted reform, re-instituted repression by establishing a police state.
What were the dates of the "Victorian Age"? 1840 - 1900. 
What major developments take place during her reign? rise of liberalism, imperialism, & the 2nd Industrial Revolution. 
These two opposing Tory & Whig prime ministers demonstrated the growing power of mass politics & political parties? Disraeli & Gladstone. 
What ideologies did these two parties represent? Conservatism & liberalism
What liberal policies were implemented in the late 19th century in Western states & Germany? Universal male suffrage, public health & urban reform, compulsory education.  
Describe Karl Marx & His Ideologies: 
1. Wrote Communist Manifesto 1848
2. Viewed history as a series of class struggles
3. Believed the workers would rise up in a series of revolutions and take over the means of production
4. Final stage would be a classless society were all wealth was distributed 
While Russia, China & other countries would embrace Marx's ideas in the 20th Century, where did they appear in the late 1800s? Socialist political parties & labor unions
Plus multiple choice "Reformation questions

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Thursday 2/6 & Friday 2/7: Edpuzzle "nation building - Italian & German Unification" - Quiz
Describe the Crimean War: Russia v. Ottoman Empire, France & England
What impact did the war have on Russia? Realized the need to industrialize
Who was Russia upset with since they didn't have their back? Austria
This historic nurse highlighted the need for military healthcare? Florence Nightingale 
This nationalist of the Italian revolutions in 1848 failed but set the stage for future unification? Mazzini
This politician and practitioner of realpolitik, representing the House of Savoy & Piedmont Sardinia a powerful Northern Italian state, saw Italian unification as an opportunity to increase the power of his king? Cavour
This revolutionary and nationalist took over the Southern Italian states? Garibaldi
​When this revolutionary & his "Red Shirts" conquered the South, who became the king of a united Italy? King Emanuel 
What year did Italy officially become a nation? 1871
What ideologies did Otto von Bismark utilize to gain support for Prussia & his King Wilhelm I? Nationalism, conservatism, and liberalism
How did he unify the German states? Through wars - aka "Blood & Iron"
What did the EMS Telegram represent? Bismark using the mass media to trick France into declaring war
What two wars to all of the German States even the Catholic South rally to support Prussia? 7 Weeks War vs. Austria and the Franco Prussian War
What advantages did Prussia & German States have in fighting the wars? An extensive railroad system and a modern military
Surrounded by rulers of the various German states where was King Wilhelm I declared Kaiser of the New German Empire in 1871? Versailles
What was key outcomes of the Franco-Prussian War that would impact the balance of power & future wars? France now hated Germany not England 
What did the Ausgleich (Compromise) of 1867 create? A dual monarchy between Austria & Hungary
What was the goal of this compromise? To stop Hungarians from revolting 
What did it represent? That Austria was losing a grip on its multi-ethnic empire

Tuesday February 4th & Weds Feb 5th: Guided Reading below - Quiz:
What was Romanticism a reaction to? 1. The Industrial Revolution, 2. The conservatism of the Concert of Europe
How was Romanticism a change from the Enlightenment? It focused on emotion & intuition over rationalism & reason
What two ideologies are MOST associated with Romanticism? nationalism & liberalism
These Romantic story tellers represent nationalist ideals by popularizing old German folk tales like Cinderella & Snow White? The Brothers Grimm 
This French Romantic novelist used emotion & nationalism capturing the French Revolution of 1830 & and a bizarre tale set in a Parisian landmark. Name the author and his works: Victor Hugo - Les Miserables & The Hunchback of Notre Dame 
This Romantic painter captures Spanish Nationalism in his painting The Third of May (1814) of guerrilla fighters being shot down by Napoleon's troops? Francisco Goya
Romantic painter Eugene Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People captured event? The French Revolution of 1830
This Romantic poet captured the evils of industrialization? Wordsworth 
Define Realpolitik: politics based on practical objectives rather than on ideals
When did Napoleon III take power? Following the French Revolutions of 1848
In what ways might he be considered a realpolitik? He was authoritarian, liberal, and nationalist when he had to be
How did Napoleon gain political support? Large infrastructure projects that provided jobs and instituting universal male suffrage
What is universal male suffrage and why was this a "liberal" idea? All men can vote rather than the old system of property owners
What two wars did Napoleon launch France into in an attempt to have the nation rally around him? The Crimean War & The Franco-Prussian War
What is the reign of Napoleon III referred to? The Second Empire

guided_reading_chart_of_isms_revolutions_of_1848_and_intro_to_crimea.docx
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Due Tuesday 1/28 & Weds 1/29: Edpuzzle the "isms' of the early 20th Century - guided reading below - Quiz: What was the Congress of Vienna? A meeting of ambassadors to negotiate the settlement of the Napoleonic Wars and French Revolution | What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? 1. Maintain "balance of power" between the states 2. Stop revolutions 3. Restore the old order 4. Promote Stability | What was the nickname of Europe following the Congress of Vienna? The Concert of Europe | Who was the "architect" of the Congress of Vienna? Austria's Metternich | What rising nations did the "architect" fear? Prussia & Russia | The Congress of Vienna is associated with the spread of this political ideology? Conservatism | What institutions of power did the delegates to Vienna want restored? 1. The monarchy 2. The nobility 3. The Church | To create political balance the delegates made this country an equal in continental affairs? France | What did the delegates make this country implement? Restore a Bourbon to the throne | In what way was the Congress of Vienna successful?   There were no major wars for 100 years | In what ways was it not successful? Revolutions broke out in 1830 & 1848 | What did conservatives of the early 1800's embrace? A return to the old order and political rule by the elite |   What did classical liberals of the 1800's embrace? 1. Little government interference 2. Expanding political participation 3. Protection of rights | This author of Reflections on the French Revolution is considered the founder of modern conservatism? Edmund Burke | 

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Thursday 1/23 & Friday 1/24: Test Worth 5 Grades - Enlightenment, Enlightened Despots, French Revolution, Napoleonic Era (Study Guides Below:)

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Thursday 1/16 & Friday 1/17: Edpuzzle the Congress of Vienna & Reading Guide (below)

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Tuesday 1/14 & Weds 1/15: Quiz - In the Industrial Revolution power shifted from the church & noble families to? Industrialist families and corporations. Around what dates did the “first” industrial revolution take place? 1750 to 1850. What preconditions are required for an industrial revolution? Raw materials, agricultural revolution, increase in demand, labor force. What advantages helped Britain lead the first industrial revolution? 1. Natural resources - coal, rivers. 2. Agricultural Revolution – enclosure movement. 3. Banking and credit system. 4. Laissez-faire government representing bourgeoisie/middle class interests. 5. Entrepreneurs. 6. Colonies  What impact did Britain’s Agricultural Revolution have? 1. Less agricultural workers needed led to a surplus of industrial workers. 2. Food to feed a growing and more urban population. 3. Increased capital to invest in industry. This is the theory that food supplies could never keep up with rising populations? Malthusian Trap. What was Britain’s first major industry which helped spawn the industrial revolution? Textiles / cotton cloth. What types of power helped replace humans in running machines? Water & steam. | This machine weaved cloth much faster? The Spinning Jenny | Machinery led to the creation of these? Factories  | Factories put an end to this type of economic production? the Cottage or Putting Out System | Factory cities created these symbols of urban squalor? 1. Tenements 2. Lack of sanitation 3. Smog 4. Disease | Who is credited with creating the steam engine? Watt. The demand for steam power led to the need for this cheap fuel source? Coal. These two forms of transportation helped carry heavy products and to markets? Steamboats & railroads. | This event demonstrated to the world Britain's dominance in industrialization? The Crystal Palace Palace Exhibition of 1851 | What continental states industrialized after Britain? Belgium, France, & Prussia | Unlike Britain continental industrialization relied on what type of aide? Government as opposed to private | This man created a "national system" in Germany before there was a Germany? Freidrich List | What is he most known for? Created a railroad network | What was the Zollverein? An economic union of German states created by Prussia | What conditions made most of Central & Eastern Europe (besides Prussia) to lag behind in the Industrial Revolution? 1. Geography 2. Lack of resources 3. Persistence of serfdom 4. Dominance of the elites 

Due: 1/7 & 1/8: Edpuzzle Industrial Revolution

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Due 1/9 & 10- Guided Reading below & Quiz: What were the four accomplishments of the early "liberal phase" of the French Revolution: Establish constitutional monarchy, nationalized the church, abolished hereditary rights, The Vendee Revolts demonstrated: parts of the French rural population was more conservative and supported the Catholic church, What was the Levee en Masse? all able body Frenchmen were conscripted into the military, Why was the Levee en Masse unique & popular? Frenchmen would be fighting for the country not a dynasty like the Bourbons, This Women wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women? Olympes de Gouges,

Tuesday 12/17 & Weds 12/18: Guided Reading below - Edpuzzle Napoleonic France

A lot of people didn't do the APClassroom progress check. These are very important!! Also a LOT of you did not pass! I have reassigned the assessment so if you have a zero you need to redo it (if you have an X you passed)! You guys have access to your notes and AMSCO book so research the topic and TRY!!!

 Thursday 12/12 & Friday 12/13: Guided Reading below & AP Central Progress Check - IV - Go to MyAPClassroom - Quiz: Describe the 7 Years War: It is considered the "first world war" as it was fought on many different continents with many countries involved | Despite recruiting European allies, who were the two main combatants of the 7 Years War? France & England | What is the 7 Years War called in American History? The French & Indian War | What side did many American colonists fight on? The English | What was the outcome of the & 7 Years War? England became the dominant European power and both countries were in massive debt |  What did England due to relieve its economic problems following the 7 Years War and what were the ramifications? They increased taxes on the American colonies which led to the American Revolution | These three American documents had a large impact on the European mindset when it came to governing? The Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution, and the US Bill of Rights | What impact did French support to the American colonists during the American Revolution have? Massive debt and the need to increase taxes | Why was France less economically stable than England following the late 18th century wars? 1. The lacked a central bank to loan the government 2. They hadn't embraced the agricultural revolution 3. Nobles refused to pay taxes | This old political and social system, unlike the English who's noble families often married wealthy merchants, created social tensions? The ancien regime | Who were the 3 Estates? 1st The Clergy, 2nd the Nobility, 3rd everyone else | Although 80% of the 3rd Estate were made up of peasants, 8% were the bourgeoisie. Who were the bourgeoisie? Wealthy merchants, industrialists, and bankers |  What intellectual movement spurred on agitation of the bourgeoisie to seek out more power? The Enlightenment | What short term crisis brought many French to the breaking point? Food shortages caused by harvest failures | As most of the French population faced starvation who and what did they focus their anger on? The lavish lifestyle of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette | What year did the French Revolution and what other event was taking place in America? 1789 the same year George Washington was being sworn in as president | This event demonstrated that the absolute monarchy model would no longer work in France? Louis calling together the Estates General for the first time in 175 years to deal with the debt crisis | In June 1789 the Third Estate walked out of the Estates General and formed this new governmental body? The National Assembly | Describe the Tennis Court Oath: after the 3rd Estate had been locked out of their meeting room they gathered in an indoor tennis court and vowed not to leave until a new constitution was written | What does H.A.P.P.Y. stand for when writing a DBQ? H-Historical Situation, A - Audience, P - Purpose, P - Point of View/Bias, and Y-why it relates to your thesis.  

Tuesday 12/10 & Wednesday 12/11: Edpuzzle French Revolution - Quiz -  |  What two milestones represent the major turning points in European history at the beginning and end of the 18th Century? Louis XIV’s death in 1715 & French Revolution 1789
What two models did England & France provide for the rest of Europe in the 1700s? Constitutional vs. Absolutist Monarchies | These monarchs are sometimes given this nickname implying they might not share some Enlightenment ideals? Enlighted despots |
In Prussia and Austria these Monarchs greatly expanded their states power and laid the groundwork for their “Enlighted” heirs? Maria Teressa of Austria & Frederick the I of Prussia | Who were the “Enlightened Absolutists?” Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, & Joseph II of Austria | In what way were they “enlightened?” 1. They hung out or corresponded with Voltaire 2. they attempted religious toleration  3. they attempted to reduce serfdom 4. they increased education | In what ways were they not “enlightened?” They did not share power, they increased the power of the nobility, taxes and serfdom increased | This quote from Frederick the Great was meant to show his Enlightened side and contrast with Louis XIV? I am the servant of the state | How did both Frederick I & Frederick II – The Great win over the Junker nobility? Making them officers in the military and high government officials | The “Partitions” of this country in the late 1700s expanded all three Empires? Poland | How did Frederick expand his empire? He conquered lands from Austria | What family ruled the Austrian Empire? The Hapsburgs | In what ways did Maria Theresa increase the strength of the Austrian Empire? By building a modern army and creating alliances | In what ways might Joseph II have been the most Enlightened? He abolished serfdom and established complete religious freedom | Why was his reign considered a failure? All classes revolted and his policies were reversed by his brother | This event put an end to Catherine the Great’s attempt to free the serfs and other reforms? Pugachev’s Rebellion | How did Catherine expand her empire? She defeated the Ottoman Turks and took Crimea giving her access to the sea | Many accuse the Enlightened Absolutists or Despots for claiming to use Enlightenment ideals for these purposes? 1. Weakening the church 2. Increasing their militaries 3. Increasing their land holdings

Thursday 12/5 & Friday 12/6: Guided Reading (below) - Quiz: What were John Locke's idea's on government? That they were created to protect natural rights and bound by a social contract | What was Montesquieu known for? That powers of government should be divided into three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial | What were Rousseau's ideas of government? The governments should be based on the general will of the people | Rousseau is often associated with embracing the concept of the "noble savage." What was this idea? That man is happiest in a state of nature like many Native American tribes | How did Rousseau differ from other Enlightenment philosophers? They were embraced by many elites while Rousseau's ideas were more revolutionary | Early political Enlightenment political philosophers embraced a scientific approach. What approach did Rousseau use? Emotion and feelings | What art movement is Rousseau known as the father of? Romanticism | What was ironic about Rousseau and other Enlightenment philosophers views on the role of woman? They did not believe in equal rights for women | This Enlightenment writer was considered the founder of European feminism and argued for equal rights? Mary Wollstonecraft | What was the impact of salons? They allowed some women to guide Enlightenment discussions | What other social locations became breeding grounds for Enlightenment debates? Coffeehouses | Where did more common people gain access to Enlightenment ideals? Newspapers & pamphlets | The Enlightenment led to a massive growth in these institutions? Colleges & universities | Who were the physiocrats? Economic writers who argued against mercantilism | Who was Adam Smith? He wrote the Wealth of Nations arguing for free trade | According to Adam Smith a states wealth was really derived from what? Labor & land | Adam Smith used this metaphor to describe what really controlled supply & demand? The invisible hand | What phrase is used to describe when a state takes a limited role in its economy? Laissez-faire | What ideas did Cesare Bacarria introduce? Anti-torture and the death penalty | This man started a new started a new religious revival in England during the 1700s. What was his name and church? John Wesley & the Methodist Church | This church and evangelical preacher embraced "pietism."  What is pietism? Forming a deeper personal connection to God. | This religious movement was in stark contrast to what new Enlightenment concepts about religion? Deism and atheism | What were "pogroms"? violent attacks on Jewish communities

Tuesday 12/3 & Weds 12/4: Finished DBQ's & Edpuzzle "Enlightened Monarchs" - below is the PowerPoint on DBQ's I showed in class and the rubric I will use to grade your DBQ's

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Due Monday & Tuesday 11/25 & 26: Edpuzzle DBQ Part III - Period 3 Quiz Tuesday below in old homework

Quiz Thursday 11/21 & Friday 11/22: Quiz - When was the Age of Enlightenment? The 18th Century or 1700s | What is the nickname for the Age of Enlightenment? The Age of Philosophy or Reason | How did the scientific revolution impact the Age of Enlightenment? Philosophers used a scientific approach to solve political, social, and economic issues | How did philosophers think they could find solutions to a better society? Through reason | What writers of the scientific revolution influenced Enlightenment philosophers? Descartes, Francis Drake, & Sir Issac Newton | What was John Locke's theory of tabula rasa? That all humans are born as a blank slate and shaped by their experiences | In what way was the Enlightenment an optimistic age? There was a belief in progress through reason | What is the concept of cultural relativism? Europeans compared themselves to the new civilizations found during the Age of Discovery | Who were the "philosophes?" French Enlightenment philosophers | Why was France an ideal center of Enlightenment thought? It had a wealthy population that was tired of war | What is the concept of "skepticism?" The concept of doubting the old order of thinking especially as it related to religious dogma | What concept was Voltaire especially known for? Religious toleration | What did "deists" believe in? That God created the Universe but did not control the day to day aspects of individuals | What scientific revolutionary figure inspired deists? Newton | What was Diderot known for? His encyclopedia | Diderot was an atheist. What is an atheist? Someone who does not believe in God | Many Enlightenment philosophers were censored especially in France & Spain. What is censorship? When the government prohibits the publishing of books or information | 

Tuesday 11/19 & Weds 11/20: Edpuzzle The Enlightenment - You also have Part III of How to write a DBQ Part III (below) due next week but I would highly recommend you do it before Tuesday as your DBQ you take these days will be worth 3 grades, Guided Reading below & DBQ - 30 Years War (Worth 3 Grades)

Wednesday 11/13 & Thursday 11/14: Test worth 5 grades - ​​Absolutism, English Civil War, Dutch Golden Age, Peter the Great & More

Due Tuesday for 11/12 for all classes - Complete APClassroom Progress Check Unit 3 - before test!! Study for TEST - Absolutism, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Dutch Golden Age, Peter the Great & More

Thursday 11/7 & Friday 11/8: Edpuzzle Dutch Golden Age: - Quiz - In 1648 as the Peace of Westphalia ending the 30 Years war, what was going on the England & France? English Civil War was getting underway & Louis XIVth was early in his reign  |  The War of Spanish Succession and the Treaty of Utrecht  demonstrated what? Attempts to maintain a balance of power with King Louis XIV & France | Why was the Peace of Utrecht a turning point in Europe's history? It ended Louis XIV's attempt to extend France's borders |  In what ways was King James I of England like an Absolute Monarch? He believed in the Divine Right of Kings | What happened to King James I's son Charles I in 1649? He was executed |  Who ruled England after the monarch was removed? Oliver Cromwell | Who were the main combatants in English Civil War? The Royalist Cavaliers vs. The Parliamentarian Roundheads | What religion did most of the Parliamentarians practice? Puritanism | What did the English Civil War demonstrate? The rising political power of the landed gentry class | What was the event of bringing back the English monarchy called? The Restoration | After the monarchy was reestablished in England in 1660 what triggered a search for a new monarch? James II's quarrels with Parliament | Who was invited to take the throne? William & Mary | What did they agree to submit to in order to take the throne? The English Bill of Rights |  What is this event known as? The Glorious Revolution |  What political concept and form of government did this create? Separation of Powers & a Constitutional Monarchy | During the 1600s this nation became the greatest economic power? The Netherlands | What was the name of the rising economic power's rise? The Dutch Golden Age | What industries made Amsterdam a global center of finance? Global trade, banking, & printing | What moral dilemma did the Dutch face with their rising economic prosperity? Leading a Puritan lifestyle vs. lavish consumerism | What nations would eventually overtake the Netherlands? England & France | What once powerful empire continued to decline in the 1600s? The Spanish | What commodity became the most sought after in the 1600s? Sugar | Who was the last possible Absolute monarch of Spain? Philip II | What unique form of government started in the Netherlands? Republicanism | What is a republic? A government run by elected officials | Why might early republics be less democratic than the ones practiced in modern Europe & the United States? Only the wealthy men participated in voting for representatives | Frederick William the Elector helped create this new state out of the ruins of the Holy Roman Empire after the 30 Years War? Brandenburg-Prussia | Despite its size why was Poland a weak state in the 1600s? The nobility held all of the power | Who was Peter the Great? Tsar of Russia in the late 1600s & early 1700s | What was Peter's goal? To "westernize" Russia | What did St. Petersburg represent? Peter's attempt to create a global trading port | What nickname represents the goal of Peter's new city? "The window to the West" | What practice did he implement to make Russians look like Western Europeans? Cut their beards and  dress more fashionable 

 Tuesday 11/5 & Weds 11/6: Edpuzzle DBQ Part II - Complete the Guided Reading Below - 

 Due Thursday & Friday 10/31 & 11/1: Edpuzzle English Civil War - Give an example of how "New Monarchs" of the 16th Century helped curb the power of the nobility? King Henry VII created the Star Chamber a court for nobles | Give an example of "New Monarchs" curbing the power of the Church? Francis the I of France signed the Concordat of Bologna giving him the power to appoint high church officials | In the 15th Century political theorist wrote Jean Bodin wrote about this political concept of rule? Divine Right of Monarchs | Under this theory who was left out of the power structure? The Pope or Church | What impact did the Reformation have on European Monarchs power to rule? It weakened the Pope & Church allowing monarchs to take control of their countries churches | What five things are needed to be an Absolute Monarch? 1. Bureaucracy 2. Large Army 3. Centralized tax policy 4. Religious unity  5. National code of laws | This "Father of the Military Revolution" from the 30 Years War changed the military policies of monarchs? King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden |  Who was Louis' XIII's Chief Adviser? Cardinal Richelieu | What did Louis XIII's chief adviser do for Louis XIV? Paved the way by building a bureaucracy, taxing the nobles, and subduing the Huguenots |  Under Louis XIII's reign France had been divided into districts run by these bureaucratic tax collectors? Intendants |  Louis XIII & Louis XIV made money by selling positions into the nobility known as? Robe Nobles | At the death of Louis XIII & his chief adviser who ruled France while Louis XIII was a child? His mother Queen Anne of Austria & her adviser Mazarin |  What were the old school nobles called? Nobles of the Sword or Blood | Describe the Fronde Wars: an uprising of the sword nobles over having to pay taxes and their loss of authority | What impact did the Fronde Wars have? They instilled Louis XIV's desire to control the nobility and leave Paris | What was Louis XIV's nickname? The Sun King | Louis built this palace on the outskirts of Paris? Versailles | What political purpose did this purpose serve? The nobility moved in distracting them of Louis' absolutist rule | What two quotes summarized Louis XIV's absolutist rule? "I am the state" and "one king, one law, one faith" |  What religious policy did Louis XIV implement? He revoked the Edict of Nantes making France a strictly Catholic country | What impact did this policy have? Wealthy Calvinist / Huguenots fled the country | Who was Louis' economic adviser and what economic policy did he implement? Colbert - Mercantilism | What economic policies did he implement? He subsidized luxury manufacturing and placed high tariffs on imports | How did Louis violate our modern sense of governmental separation of powers? He never called the legislative or lawmaking Assembly into session

Due Tuesday 10/29 & Weds 10/30: Complete Edpuzzle on Louis XIV and reading guide below. Quiz: What were the dates of the Commercial Revolution? The late middle ages to the mid-1700s | What were two examples of new wealthy classes created by the commercial revolution who hold "noble status?" In England the Landed Gentry in French the Nobles of the Robe | The Reformation brought an end to many beloved holidays like this one which allowed people to sin before Easter? Carnival | The dislocation of peasant farmers to cities meant urban elite had  to deal with these huge problems? Crime, sanitation, & job creation | What Reformation example provided a model for ridding cities of sin? Calvin's Geneva | Dealing with issues like prostitution, begging, and public drunkenness gave local governments this title? Moral Police | What types of punishments would be imposed on criminals? Public humiliation - stockades, public whippings, etc. | What were the dates of the Witchcraft hysteria? 1580 to 1650 | What were some of the causes of the witchcraft craze? The Reformation, religious wars, migration, and new roles for women | How did the Reformation impact women's roles? Many more became literate and taught their children to read the bible |  The rising middle class of the commercial revolution were often referred to as? The bourgeoisie |  What are some examples of Eastern Europe falling behind during the Commercial Revolution? Serfdom continued & they lacked an urban class of merchants | Define the nuclear family: 2 generations - parents and their children | What impact did the commercial revolution have on families in Western Europe? They waited until later ages to get married and had less children | How was the family structure in Eastern Europe different during this era?  They had more children and lived in large multi-generational houses | The rising upper middle classes often wanted what? A voice in their government | Who carried out most governmental duties in the middle ages? The Church | What are some examples? They collected taxes, had courts & laws, and provided services | In what ways did the New Monarchs of the 16th Century pave the way for governments of the 17th Century? The attempted to centralize authority over the church and nobility | What three models of government developed during the 1600s? Absolutism, Constitutionalism, & Republics | 

Quiz Tuesday 10/22 & Weds 10/23: Edpuzzle Crash Course Absolutism, Reading Guide below plus Quiz: What were two causes of the price revolution and inflation? An influx of precious metals and a rise in population | What impact did the commercial revolution have? Social mobility and a monetary based economy | How did the new classes of the commercial revolution differ from medieval times? Based on wealth not family lineage | How did an excess of capital drive the commercial revolution? The wealthy had money to invest in new businesses | What part of Europe experienced the early-modern commercial revolution? Western | Why did populations increase dramatically during the early modern-era? 1. New food sources 2. Bubonic plague was over 3. End of the mini-ace age | What impact did the rising population have on the economy? 1. Increased demand led to higher prices 2. More workers led to lower wages | What impact did the commercial agricultural revolution have on peasants?  Many fled to towns or cities | This technique symbolized the evolution of Europe into a monetary economy? Double-entry bookkeeping | These two countries established national banks? Netherlands & France | What impact did national banks have? 1. Lending to finance industry 2. Provided loans to the government in economic downturns | These two companies demonstrated a shift from mercantilism to capitalism? The Dutch & British East India Companies | Because they took on investors they were known as the first? Joint-stock companies | Why might these companies be considered capitalist? Individuals could purchase stock in them | These were medieval artisan groups that monopolized the manufacturing of certain goods? Guilds | What happened to these groups? They were replaced by the putting-out or cottage industry | Define the “putting-out” or “cottage industry” system? Industrialists would send raw materials to rural homes to be turned into finished goods | The “putting-out” system would eventually be replaced by? Urban factories | How is capitalism different from mercantilism? Individuals run the economy as opposed to the state | Describe the “enclosure movement” – it originated in England and shifted farming from communal plots to privately owned farms

TEST Worth 5 Grades Thursday 10/17 & Friday 10/18 - Reformation plus review material - Read Chapter 2 from AMSCO, study your notes!!

Friday 10/11: Complete Progress Check II on AP Classroom (even if you don't have class that day)

Tuesday & Thursday 10/8 & 10: Edpuzzle How to Write a DBQ Quiz: What is the main definition of "religious pluralism?" Multiple Christian Faiths | In what ways did the French Wars of Religion demonstrate the challenges of centralizing authority for monarchies and dynasties? 1. The Catholic Valois King was undermined by the Huguenot Bourbon family and ultra-Catholic Geese dynasty  2. Foreigners participated on both sides | This woman wield political power in the French Wars of Religion? Catherine de Medici | In what way did this woman who married into the Valois dynasty represent attempts to reconcile political differences peacefully? She was a politiquie who put power over religion | What was the impact of Henry of Bourbon becoming the king of France? 1. He set the stage for hundreds of years of Bourbon rule. 2. His dynasty set the stage for absolute monarchs to rule in France. What did Henry the IV do that showed the French Wars of Religion might have been more about political power? He converted to Catholicism when he became king | What quote demonstrated this idea? Paris is worth a mass | This king of Spain became the main warrior of the Catholic Faith? Phillip II | What was the impact did the influx of precious metals into Spain have? It led to inflation | Spain's constants wars led the king do to seek taxes from this Hapsburg region? The Spanish Netherlands | The Northern "Low Countries" united forming this group under this noble leader? The Union of Utrecht under William of Orange | Elizabeth I's aid to French and "Low Country" Protestants prompted this response? Phillips launching of the Spanish Armada to capture England | What impact did Philips response combined with economic hardships have? Spain became a less powerful | This event launched the 30 Years War? The Defenestration of Prague by the Calvinist King | What phases of the 30 Years War were about religion? The Bohemian and Danish | What phases were about politics and balance of power? The Swedish and French | What event demonstrated that the 30 Years War wasn't solely a religious War? The entry of the Catholic French on the side of the Protestants | What was the peace settlement of the 30 Years War called? The Peace of Westphalia | What were the outcomes of the 30  Years War? 1. Religious pluralism was guaranteed 2. The military revolution was established 3. The Netherlands gained independence. 4. It established the French as the most powerful nation in Europe and opened the door for absolute monarchies | What were the dates of the 30 Years War? 1618 - 1648

Thursday October 3rd & Friday October 4th: Edpuzzle 30 Years War Guided Reading Chapter 4 Part I below - Quiz Some historians credit Calvin's belief in the accumulation of wealth as a sign of God's favor with the creation of this economic system? Capitalism | This Protestant faith was persecuted by everyone? Anabaptist | The Catholic Reformation is sometimes referred to as this? The Counter Reformation | This gathering is when Catholic officials decided what changes, if any needed to be made to address the Protestant Reformation? The Council of Trent | In what ways did the Catholic church reform? They got rid of paid indulgences and simony or the selling of church positions | In what way did the confirm old practices? 1. They kept mass in Latin, 2. Their priests continued to practice celibacy, 3. They maintained the belief in faith plus good works as the path to salvation | What two Catholic practices were implemented to stop the Reformation? Index of Forbidden Books and the Roman Inquisition | Reformation that originates from the Monarch is known as this type of reform? Magisterial / "top-down" | This order of Catholics served as missionaries and established schools? The Jesuits This agreement in the Holy Roman Empire allowed German princes to determine the religion practiced in their principality? The Treaty or Peace of Augsburg | Henry VIII's sale of church lands created this new social/economic class? The landed gentry. This class would go on to make up this political body? Parliament's House of Commons | This heir of Henry VIII tried to re-institute Catholicism in England? Bloody Mary | In what way was Elizabeth I a politique? She re-instituted the Anglican Church but kept many Catholic practices | What were some impacts of the Reformation? Higher literacy & education rates and political instability | 

 Thursday September 26 & Friday September 27:  Guided Reading AMSCO Chapter 2 Part II - Edpuzzle Consequences of the Reformation and quiz: What were northern religious reformers during the Renaissance referred to as? Christian Humanists | This most famous religious reformer from Amsterdam wrote a book poking fun at the corruptness of the Catholic Church. What was his name and the name of his book? Eramus' Praise of Folly | What quote characterized the impact Erasmus had on the Reformation? "Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched" | Legend had it that Luther nailed this document to the door of his church in Wittenburg Germany? 95 Thesis | What incident set off Luther to speak out against the corruptness of the Catholic Church? The sale of indulgences | What was the purpose of buying indulgences? To shorten someones time in purgatory | Why was Pope Leo X so interested in selling indulgences? To build St. Peter's Basilica | What were Luther's major reform on the true path to to salvation? It could be achieved by faith alone - sola fide | What concept of Luther's posed a challenge to the power of the Church? Sola scriptura - the bible was the only source of religious doctrine | This event in which Luther was asked to recant his teachings, attended by Emperor Charles V ended up helping to spread his beliefs? The Diet of Worms | The spreading of Lutheranism and other reformers was greatly impacted by this technology? The printing press | What event demonstrated that Luther, while a reformer, did not believe in equality on earth? His backing of the nobility in the Peasants War | In addition to being the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Charles V was also the monarch of what lands? Spain, Austria and all Hapsburg holdings. How did this impact the spread of Lutheranism? Charles was too busy defending his new colonies and fighting the Ottomans to stop it | Why did many princes in the Northern Holy Roman Empire back Lutheranism? To gain church land, taxes and appointments | Charles' obligations forced him to sign this agreement with Northern Lutheran princes? The Peace of Augsburg | What did this peace treaty mandate? Northern princes would decide which religion their people would follow | In what is sometimes known as the 2nd wave of the Reformation this man set up a theocracy in Geneva Switzerland? John Calvin | What is a theocracy? A state ruled by the church | Calvin believed that God had already chosen who was going to Heaven in a concept known as? Predestination

Tuesday September 24 & Weds September 25: Test on everything we have covered up to the Reformation - worth 5 grades

Thursday September 19th & Friday September 20: Guided Reading AMSCO Chapter 2 Part I below (yes we are going back) Edpuzzle Marin Luther Reformation

Tuesday September 17th & 18th: Guided reading AMSCO Chapter 3 Part II below - Quiz: center of trade shifts from Mediterranean to Atlantic Seaboard, motivations for exploring, monarchs sponsored voyages to expand their political & economic base, Xavier - Jesuit missionary, religion as justification for subjugation of indigenous people, "glory" = Renaissance individualism, Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal down the coast of Africa, Dias, Vasco de Gama, Treaty of Tordisillas, new navigational technologies, guns and horses, Conquistadors, Cortes - Aztec Empire,  Pizaro - Inca, disease, Magellan, sugar cane, Middle Passage, Planter Society, Triangular Trade, Colombian Exchange, Goods from New world to Europe, Goods from Europe to New World, impacts of Age of Exploration,

 Thursday September 12 & Friday Sept 13: Edpuzzle - Age of Exploration - guided reading - please note we are skipping to Chapter 3 and will return to Chapter 2 later (below) plus quiz - What fields did the Scientific Revolution focus on? Mathematics, physics, anatomy, and chemistry. | What are the approximate dates of the Scientific Revolution? 1500 to 1700 | Theories by these three Ancient Greek & Roman philosophers were overturned during the scientific revolution: Aristotle, Ptolemy, & Galen | The context & need for technology of this movement helped spur the Scientific Revolution: The Age of Exploration | This astronomer introduced the heliocentric theory of the universe? Copernicus | What did this theory go against? Ptolemy's geocentric model and biblical doctrine | What is the difference between geocentric and heliocentric models? Geo places the earth in the center of the universe & helio places the sun | What instrument helped Galileo further the work of Copernicus? the telescope | What happened to Galileo after he published the Starry Messenger?  The Roman Inquisition and Catholic Church made him recant his teachings. | How did Sir Issac Newton build on the teachings of Copernicus & Galileo? He introduced universal law of gravitation in which planetary motion is guided by gravity | What is anatomy? study of the internal organs and structure of the body | Study of anatomy overturned this ancient physician? Galen. | This anatomist described the circulation of blood from the heart? William Harvey | These two scientists introduced inductive and deductive reasoning? Descartes and Francis Bacon | Both of these thoughts on reasoning helped introduced this scientific approach? The Scientific Method | This approach focused science on these concepts to prove theories? Experiments and data collection

Tuesday September 10th & 11th: Guided Reading AMSCO below (ps I you don't have your AMSCO book yet you can use AP Euro Crash Course Prep Book that I posted on the "resources sub page of this website), Edpuzzle on the Scientific Revolution and vocab/content quiz:  How did Mannerism art differ from Renaissance? It featured distortions and exaggerations | What did the differences in style represent? The turbulent times of the Reformation & Religious Wars | How was Baroque art different? It was highly ornate, and emotional | Who became major patrons of Baroque art? the Catholic church | What were the dates of the rise of the so-called “New Monarchs?” 1450 – 1550 | What was the main goal of the New Monarchs? To centralize their power | What institutions and practices to the need to control in order to do this? 1. The Nobility, 2. the Church, 3. create a national army, 4. establish a central tax and bureaucracy | What is a bureaucrat? a Government employee | What  bureaucratic position was essential to new monarchs? Tax collector | Who did these positions traditionally go to? Nobles | Why would a new monarch prefer a bureaucrat take on this position? They would more likely be loyal | What did the creation of a bureaucracy establish? A small middle-class | What context gave rise to the New Monarchs? The 100 Years War  | What did the establishment of the New Monarchs lay the foundation for? The “nation-state” | How did Francis I of France (1515 – 47) represent this New Monarchy? He signed the Concordat of Bologna giving French kings the power to appoint high church officials | How did King Henry VII represent the New Monarchy? He established the Star Chamber – a court system for the nobility | How did Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand represent the New Monarchs? They united Spain into a centralized state, and persecuted non-Catholics 

Thursday & Friday: Multiple Choice Quiz (2 grades:)  ALL CLASSES have guided reading due for Thursday & Friday... also join your Edpuzzle class - Period 3 - Class Code: pegumar - Period 4  Class Code irezevs, Period 5 - Class Code pucumug - Complete the Edpuzzle on the Renaissance. FinallyComplete the reading guide below from AMSCO We are transitioning to the AMSCO book for the redesigned test. You will need to have a copy from now on. However if you would like to continue reading the Speilvogel Textbook you will find the next few chapters below:

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Reading Guide & Quiz Tuesday Aug 27th & Wednesday Aug 28th: How did education shift in The Renaissance? From scholasticism to humanities. What were some subjects taught in Renaissance schools? Art, history, poetry, philosophy, and literature. Give examples of social mobility in Renaissance Italy? Wealthy merchants and banking families gained political power and social status. | This man is considered the Father of Humanism? Petrarch. | Define "secularism" - the separation of the state or government from religion | Define "classicalism" - the study of ancient Greek & Roman writers | How might classicalism pose a challenge to the Catholic Church? The Ancient Greeks & Romans were not Christians | How did Lorenzo Valla's mastery of Latin pose a challenge to The Church? He discovered that The Donation of Constantine which gave the Pope political authority was a forgery | Who used the visual arts to promote personal, political, and religious goals? Wealthy merchants, royalty, and the Catholic Church | Give examples of the humanist ideal of "individualism:" - biographies, portraits, and artists signing their works | This work was a "how to" guide to becoming socially and politically successful? Castiglione's The Courtier | What was the message of Pico della Mirandola's the Oration on the Dignity of Man? That human potential and reason could demonstrate the "divine" in humans | Why was this a challenge to The Church? It went against the concept of The Great Chain of Being | When did Gutenberg develop the printing press?  The1450s. What was the impact of the printing press? It spread the ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation | This writer wrote a controversial book about how to be the ideal ruler in the Renaissance? Machiavelli. In his work The Prince, what quote captured the secular concept that rulers might have to be ruthless? "It is better to be feared than loved!"

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Reading Guide & Quiz Thursday Aug 22nd & Friday Aug 23th: Read beginning of Chapter 12 (download below) and complete reading guide - must be completed in pen or pencil - you do not need to print it out you can write it on notebook paper (also below) and memorize the following for your quiz: What was "Scholasticism? Medieval education focused on religious studies |  What does the word Renaissance mean? Rebirth | The Renaissance is considered the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of this era? Early Modern Era | The Renaissance introduced this system of studies in education? Humanities | What were the dates of the Renaissance? approximately 1300 to 1600 | This event brought new Greek scholars and writings into Italy and Western Europe? The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks | Why was Italy the ideal place for the start of the Renaissance? 1. It was the center of Mediterranean trade. 2. It had a mostly urban population of city states 3. It lacked a central government | Italian trade produced this new class of "nobility:" Merchants and bankers | How did the Medici family exemplify this new noble class? Their governing power was a result of new wealth. What role did the Medici play in the Renaissance? They were patrons of Renaissance artists. How did the Renaissance create a new mindset for many Europeans? They began to focus on achieving success in their current lives rather than just the afterlife. 

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Due Tuesday August 21 & Wednesday Aug. 22: Google Mr. Raymond's AP Euro Weebly (this is where you will find your homework.) - and download syllabus.  Send me an email stating that you have read the the syllabus, shown it to your parents, and agree to my policies. Purchase the AMSCO AP European History Prep book (if you haven't already) from Perfection Learning. We will be using as our textbook for this class. Begin your reading guide and create flash cards or study for your quiz

Practicing DBQs? Below is Tom Richey's point guideline / breakdown

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Worried about your essays? - Check out old essay questions including those before the redesign on the AP Central Page. The rubric may have changed but they are looking for the same context and formatting. Every essay comes with student examples and point breakdowns. 

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Due Thursday April 25th & Friday the 26th: Reading Guide Chapter 28

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Due Tuesday April 30 & Weds May 1: Edpuzzles on Allied Conferences & AP Euro Post WWII Stuff

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Due Tuesday April 23 & Weds April 24: study guide pages 30 - 39 - Practice TEST WORTH 5 GRADES

Due Tuesday April 16 & Weds April 17: complete pages 20 through 29 of the study guide (I've added page numbers) and QUIZ: Why did the U.S. not join the League of Nations? The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty. What made Woodrow Wilson the idealist at the Paris Peace Conference in 1918 & Clemenceau & Lloyd George "realpolitiks"? Wilson wanted to make the world safe for democracy while the British & French public wanted Germany to pay for WWI. What was the "mandate system?" Great Britain & France divided up the colonies of the losers of WW1 and ruled them. What were the Germans forced to accept with the Treaty of Versailles? Territorial losses, demilitarization, a "war guilt clause," & to pay reparations. What was the foreign policy of the United States between the two world wars? Isolationism. What new "democratic states" were created out of the Austrian Empire? Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, and Hungary. What state evolved out of the Ottoman Empire? Turkey. Because they printed more money to pay back reparations Germany faced what massive economic issue? Inflation. What was the US plan to help Germany pay back it's war debts called? the Dawes Plan. This event helped launch totalitarianism in Europe? The Great Depression. What was the British & US plan to alleviate the economic issues of the Great Depression? Keynesian Economics. What is Keynesian Economics? Increased government spending during times of economic depressions & recessions. This far left socialist movement won elections in France & Spain in the late 30s? The Popular Front. What is totalitarianism? All economic, political, social, and religious aspects are controlled by the government. What technique helped drive total obedience of the public to totalitarian dictatorships? Propaganda. What far right nationalistic movement was created by Mussolini in Italy? Fascism. What helped drive support for the fascist dictatorships in Germany, Italy and some eastern-European countries? Economic despair, fear of communism, and promises to a return to glory. Stalin instituted these economic plans to industrialize the Soviet Union? 5-Year Plans. This agricultural practice of Stalin led to widespread famine? Collectivization. These Soviet labor camps symbolized political repression. The Gulags. Stalin's plan to lock up political rivals & "enemies of the revolution" were known as? The Great Purges. In Hitler's book Mein Kampf he called for "lebensraum". What did this mean? "Living space or the need for more land.  Hitler appointed this man as his minister of propaganda? Goebbels. Japan's totalitarian regime was ruled by whom? The military. Identify these "interwar period" art forms: dadaism: anti-art demonstrating the absurdity of life. Surrealism: fantasies, nightmares, & dreams. Bauhaus - functional architecture & design. This controversial book symbolized the sense of disillusionment and instability of the interwar period? James Joyce's Ulysses 

Due Thursday April 11th & Friday April 12th Edpuzzle on Rise of Fascism and Quiz: Causes of WW1: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Assassination. What military technology helped create "trench-warfare?" machine guns and barbed wire.  What military technologies were used to try to break the stalemate? Aircraft bombing, poison gas, and the tank. What was the name German military  plan which called for knocking out France first and then focusing on Russia? The Schlieffen Plan. Why did this plan bring the British into the war? Germany invaded neutral Belgium. Despite the naval "arms race" to develop this boat between Britain & Germany, it played a small role in the war? The Dreadnought. Germany's use of this eventually brought the U.S. into the war? Unrestricted U-Boat (submarine) warfare. Why was WW1 described as Total War? industries were nationalized and the entire populations were mobilized for the war effort. How did the perception of women change from WW1? They took on traditional male jobs. How were they rewarded in some countries? Many nations gave them the right to vote. Who else benefited from total war? Unions and industrialists. How did Lawrence of Arabia bring conflict to post-war settlement? He promised Arabs independent states despite the Balfour Declaration which promised a state for Jews in Palestine. What was the nickname given to artists & soldiers who had fought in WW1? The Lost Generation.  What was the result of the March Revolution in Russia? The Romanov dynasty was dissolved and a provisional government installed. Who led the the November Revolution in Russia? Lenin & The Bolsheviks. What did Lenin call for? Immediate end to the war, seizure of land and industry.  Lenin's Bolshevik ally Trotsky negotiated this treaty which lost of lot of land for the Russian? Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1922 saw this two armies face off? The Red Bolshevik Army & The White Army. These countries provided aid and invaded Russia during the Civil War? The U.S., Great Britain, & Japan. What was the Red Terror? When Bolshevik Communists purged political rivals. What was the result of Lenin's War Communism? Famine & failing industry. Who competed to replace Lenin? Trotsky & Stalin. What was President Woodrow Wilson's plan to make the world safe for democracy? The 14 Points. What were two of his major points? Self-determination & a League of Nations. What was the name of the peace treaty with Germany?  Treaty of Versailles. What did France & Britain demand at the treaty negotiations? German war reparations, loss of territory, and disarmament.

Due Tuesday April 9th & Weds April 10th: Reading Guide Chapter 27 & Pages 11 - 20 of  AP Study Guide

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Due Thursday April 4th & Friday April 5th:  Edpuzzle on Russian Revolution PLUS TEST Chapters 23 - 25 worth 3 grades

Due Tuesday April 2nd  & Weds April  3rd: Reading Guide Chapter 26  & Pages 1 - 10 of AP Study Guide ABOVE - also Edpuzzle on WW1

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Quiz Period 5 postponed until next Tuesday: Guided Reading Chapter 25  & Quiz  on Imperialism & More: What did psychologist Sigmund Freud espouse? That humans irrationally suppress subconscious desires.  What did philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche assert? That chaos was inherent in nature and reality was beyond human reason. British sociologist Herbert Spencer applied Charles Darwin's ideas to human affairs with? Social Darwinism & the idea of "survival of the fittest." Nationalists distorted Darwin's to advance what this idea and promote this movement? Racial inferiority & imperialism. A new pseudoscience was developed that taught that a superior race could be developed was known as? Eugenics. Albert Einstein discovered that the splitting of an atom might release this? massive amounts of energy & destruction. Marie Curie discovered that? some atoms emitted radioactive energy. What impact did the new sciences & philosophies of the late 19th & early 20 century have? The embraced the irrational and upset Newton's model of a harmonious "universal machine." When did "New Imperialism take place? Late 1800's to WWI. Where did European nations look to colonize during "new imperialism?" Asia and Africa. What were the motives & rationales of new imperialism? 1. Economic, 2. Competition/Nationalism. 3. Racism/Social Darwinism. 4. Religion. How did the 2nd Industrial Revolution contribute to "new imperialism"? It created the need for more raw materials & new markets.  This event epitomized imperial powers lack of respect for the welfare of colonized states? The Opium Wars (also acceptable King Leopold of Belgium's treatment of the Congolese ). This man discovered diamonds in South Africa and named a country after himself? Cecil Rhodes. What percentage of the world's landmass did Great Britain control by the end of the age of "new imperialism?" 1/4. What was the Fashoda Crisis? Britain & French troops almost fought over control of the Suez Canal. What was the impact of the Fashoda Crisis? It increased tension that imperialism could lead to war. What were the Boer Wars of 1899 - 1902? A military conflict between the British army & Dutch colonizers. What was the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884/5 on Africa? It divided control of continent between 14 European countries & the U.S. Who led the Berlin Conference? Otto van Bismarck. This poem epitomized the racist social-Darwinian rationale to new imperialism? Rudyard Kipling's The White Man's Burden. What technologies allowed European nations to control such vast colonies in the age of new imperialism? steam power, telegraphs, machine guns, and quinine to treat malaria. What was the Meiji Restoration? Japan developed "western" industrial & military technologies. These events showed that as colonized nations were exposed to Western education & technologies they would use them to rebel? India's Sepoy Mutiny & China's Boxer Rebellion.  These two military defeats struck a blow to European "white supremacy?" Russo-Japanese War (1905) & Italy's defeat to Ethiopia. 

Tuesday 3/19 & Weds. 3/20: complete part I of your AP study guide (document is above if you lost yours.) Use your prep books!! AND complete Edpuzzle on the Causes of WWI

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Due 3/7 & 3/8 Guided Reading  Chapter 24 and Edpuzzle on Imperialism

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Thursday Feb 28 & Friday March 1: Quiz - What artistic period followed the Romantic period? Realism. What was the context of Realist art? the failures of the Revolutions of 1848 and continued suffering by industrial workers. This artist's "Stonebreakers" is considered one of the first of the artist genre? Courbet. What are some features of Realist paintings? unrevealed faces, hard labor, and hunched posture.  How are Romantic author Goethe's Young Werther and Realist author  Gustave Floubert's Madame Bovary works similar? Both lead characters commit suicide after failing to find true love. Why is one considered Romantic & the other Realist?  both use different styles of language to express their emotions. What other theme connects the two? life in a new materialist Europe. This Realist author describes the hardships of urban youth's in an industrial cities? Charles Dickens. What are two of his famous works? Oliver Twist & David Copperfield. This musician represented the "twilight" of Romanticism during the Realist phase who's works were celebrated by Hitler's Nazis? Wagner. By 1914 almost all European nations employed mechanization & the factory system utilizing these two characteristics: assembly lines & interchangeable parts. What two sub "revolutions" made up the 2nd Industrial Revolutions? Communications & Transportation Revolutions. These advances differentiated the 1st & 2nd Industrial Revolutions? Steel replaced iron, oil replaced coal, and the combustible engine was produced. Germany became the leading producing this industry which would play a big role in military manufacturing and combat? Chemicals.  What impact did electricity have? Factories could work longer hours and street-lighting made cities safer. This man sent radio waves across the Atlantic in 1901? Marconi. What two forms of transportation symbolized this modern era? Steel hulled boats & massive railroad networks.  The liberal reform of the late 1800s produced by unions and legislation producing shorter working hours created this improvement / concept in "average" people's lives? "Leisure time". With their free time we saw the creation of these forms of places of entertainment? Professional sports leagues, amusement parks, tourism. Trains & later automobiles led to the tourism industry. Resort towns once only accessible to the upper classes saw the arrival of middle class customers leading to this derogatory expression? Day trippers. What forms of transportation made these destinations accessible to the middle classes? Railroads & later automobiles. "Boom & bust" cycles of the late 1800s aka "volatile business cycles" led governments to institute these economic practices? 1. Tariffs. 2. Monopolies & cartels. 3. Development of domestic markets. 4. The need for new foreign markets. 5. Protectionism.  Consumerism led to the creation of? advertising & marketing businesses. This "new class" created by massive industrialization saw themselves as "above" manual laborers? White collar. What were some typical jobs for this "new class?" Communications, marketing, bookkeeping, management positions. What jobs were open to women of this new class? Teachers, nurses, secretaries. The migration of this era saw many former agricultural workers head where? Urban centers. Due to an oversupply of labor many emigrated to this country? The United States. Where did most emigrants of the late 19th century hail from? Southern & Eastern Europe. In addition to economic reasons what cultures emigrated due to persecution. List 3 groups on the move? Czechs, Slavs, & Jews. 

Test/Midterm  Tuesday - 2/26 & Weds 2/27 worth 4 grades:  multiple choice questions will cover all content we have covered but the majority of the questions will be on The Renaissance, The Reformation, The Scientific Revolution, The Enlightenment, 17th Century Nation Building (Louis XIV, Enlightened Despots, Glorious Revolution,) , The French Revolution. 

Due Thursday 2/21 & Friday 2/22: Edpuzzle 2nd Industrial Revolution

Quiz - Tuesday 2/19 & Wednesday 2/20: After his loss in the Crimean War what steps did Tsar Alexander II try to implement to modernize Russia? Abolishing serfdom, limiting censorship, and increasing education. His assignation can be seen as the beginning of this ideology?  Anarchism. How did Tsar Alexander III respond to his father's death? halted reform, re-instituted repression by establishing a police state. What were the dates of the "Victorian Age"? 1840 - 1900. What major developments take place during her reign? rise of liberalism, imperialism, & the 2nd Industrial Revolution. These two opposing Tory & Whig prime ministers demonstrated the growing power of mass politics & political parties? Disraeli & Gladstone. What liberal policies were implemented in the late 19th century in Western states & Germany? Universal male suffrage, public health & urban reform, compulsory education.  What two countries passed Britain in industrial output by the end of the 19th century? Germany & the United States. What was positivism? the philosophy that science alone provides knowledge. This scientist developed germ theory? Louis Pasteur. This scientist developed bacteria theory? Joseph Lister. What impact did these scientists have? Death rate from disease and gangrene dropped dramatically. This scientist wrote about the process of natural selection? Charles Darwin.  ​

Due Thursday Feb 14 & Friday Feb 15: edpuzzle on German Unification PLUS QUiZ -  Describe Flora Tristan: A French socialist who connected freedom of the working class with women's rights. What does the French Revolution of 1848 lead to? The election of Napoleon III. How was Napoleon III's government liberal? It was a constitutional monarchy with universal male suffrage. How was Napoleon III's government conservative? He controlled the lawmaking process and who could be elected. How were the results of the Austrian Revolutions of 1848 somewhat liberal? Metternich was fired and the serfs were freed. How were the results of the Austrian Revolutions of 1848 somewhat conservative? Nationalist movements among the various ethnic groups were brutally crushed.  The Romantic Art movement was a critical response in the early 1800s to what two developments? The Enlightenment & Industrialization. What were major themes of Romanticism: nostalgia, nature, nationalism, supernatural, and the uncommon hero. How could the Brother's Grimm be considered nationalists? The celebrated medieval German folktales. This Romantic work known as Liberty Leading the People, which celebrated the French Revolution of 1830, was painted by? Eugene Delacroix. What might Mary Shelley's Romantic work Frankenstein symbolize? A mistrust of the modern industrial world. Beyond novels and paintings, what was another important for of expression for Romantic artists? Poetry.  William Blake's work London depicted the the horrors of? the working slums. This musician provided a crucial link between Baroque and Romanticism? Beethoven. What was the Crimean War about? Britain & France wanted to stop Russian expansion into the Balkans. What impact did Florence Nightingale have?  She helped improve battlefield care & made nursing a respectable job for middle class women. What country became an enemy of Russia for their failure to help during the Crimean War? Austria. This man using the art of "realpolitik" helped unify Italy? Count Cavour. Define "realpolitik:" making political decisions based on circumstances rather than ideology. This revolutionary captured Southern Italy & turned it over to the House of Savoy? Garibaldi. Who seized the opportunity to unify Germany? Otto von Bismark. Why might Bismark be considered a practitioner of "realpolitik?"  He was a reluctant nationalist who saw unification as way of strengthening Prussia. Bismark used the press by releasing this to goad the French into declaring war? the EMS telegram. What advantage did Prussia have in the Franco-Prussian War? a strong industrial base & railroad network. Where was King Wilhelm I declared the emperor of Germany? Versailles.  What did the Ausgleich of 1867 produce? A dual monarchy between Austria & Hungary. 

Due Tuesday Feb 12 and Weds. Feb 13: Guided notes chapter 23 & Edpuzzle on Italian Unification

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Test Thursday Feb 7 & Friday Feb 8: multiple choice questions from chapters 20 through 22

Quiz Tuesday Feb 5 & Weds Feb 6: Early liberals mostly hailed from this economic group? Bourgeoisie, What time period saw the rise is liberalism? Early 1800s. What two ideals did early liberals call for? Popular sovereignty & individual rights, What issue were early liberals divided about as far as the vote was concerned? Should the working poor be able to vote (aka “universal suffrage), Classical liberals’ economic beliefs were based on? A laissez faire, free market economy. What Enlightenment philosopher espoused these classical liberal economic ideas? Adam Smith. What is the concept behind “utilitarian liberalism”? creating laws which brought happiness to the greatest numbers of people. This author wrote about the need for utilitarian liberalism?  Jeremy Bentham. French restoration saw the return of this dynasty? Bourbon. What brought about the end of this dynasty (kind of)? The Revolution of 1830. This king was "elected" by the bourgeois assembly to replace the Bourbon Charles X? Louis Philippe. What was his nickname? The Citizen King. When was his downfall in which he fled to England? The French Revolution of 1848. This event demonstrated early conservatism in Britain? The Peterloo Massacre. Besides the French Revolution of 1830, the other European 1830 Revolutions were based on which ideology? Nationalism. Which of these revolutions was successful? Belgium. Why did the Great Powers of Europe support this revolution? It created a “buffer state” above France. What two revolutions in 1830 were crushed? Italian and Russian (Warsaw). What did the Revolutions of 1830 demonstrate? Nationalism and liberalism were on the rise. Nationalism was often a theme of this new type of art? Romanticism. What were early socialists referred to derisively by future Marxist socialists? Utopian Socialists. What ideas were embraced by Utopian Socialists? Improved social & economic conditions and cooperation over competition. This wealthy Utopian Socialist improved conditions for his factory workers and exported the idea to New Harmony Indiana? Robert Owen 

Due Thursday 1/31 & Friday 2/1: Edpuzzle Revolutions of 1848

Due Tuesday 1/29 & Weds 1/30: Reading guide Chapter 22 below - 

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Thursday 1/24 & Friday 1/25: In 1851, England hosted this event to show off their industrial prowess? The Crystal Palace Exhibition. How was industrialization in continental Europe different than that of England? It required more government support as opposed to England's private capital. What was the Zollverein? Prussian led economic union of German states started in the 1830's that excluded Austria. What was Friedrich List's "National System"?  Pushing the German states to invest in infrastructure like railroads. What were the social impacts of the industrial revolution? 1. Class tensions. 2. Urbanization & dislocation. 3. Differing gender roles. 4. Demands for reform. What impact did fashion have on the new class system? People were identified by class depending on how they dressed. What was the "cult of domesticity"? Social expectations for how middle and upper class women should behave.  Who were the Luddites? Artisans who smashed machines. Who were the Chartists? Reformists who demanded expansion of the vote and representation. What impact is generally associated with the English Reform Act of 1832? It helped England avoid the Revolutions of 1848. What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna? 1. To restore the "old order" of Europe, 2. create a balance of power, 3. avoid future conflicts and revolutions. Who was the architect behind the goals established at the Congress of Vienna? Austria's Metternich. The period following the Congress of Vienna - 1815 - 1830, was based on this ideology? Conservatism. 

Due Tuesday 1/22 & Weds 1/23: Complete the Edpuzzle on how to write an LEQ

Thursday January 17 & Friday January 18: Complete the Edpuzzle on Congress Vienna & Metternich's Conservative Order

 Tuesday Jan 15 & Weds Jan 16: Guided reading Chapter 21 - Reaction, Revolution and Romanticism ALSO you will be taking a DBQ so study - see Tom Ritchey video below if you want to also start studying for our "mid year" test - Date TBD.

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Thursday January 10 & Friday January 11: Edpuzzle Crash Course Industrial Revolution PLUS QUIZ: In the Industrial Revolution power shifted from the church & noble families to? Industrialist families and corporations. Around what dates did the “first” industrial revolution take place? 1750 to 1850. What preconditions are required for an industrial revolution? Raw materials, agricultural revolution, increase in demand, labor force. What advantages helped Britain lead the first industrial revolution? 1. Natural resources - coal, rivers. 2. Agricultural Revolution – enclosure movement. 3. Banking and credit system. 4. Laissez-faire government representing bourgeoisie/middle class interests. 5. Entrepreneurs. 6. Colonies  What impact did Britain’s Agricultural Revolution have? 1. Less agricultural workers needed led to a surplus of industrial workers. 2. Food to feed a growing and more urban population. 3. Increased capital to invest in industry. This is the theory that food supplies could never keep up with rising populations? Malthusian Trap. What was Britain’s first major industry which helped spawn the industrial revolution? Textiles / cotton cloth. What types of power helped replace humans in running machines? Water & steam. Who is credited with creating the steam engine? Watt. The demand for steam power led to the need for this cheap fuel source? Coal. These two forms of transportation helped carry heavy products and to markets? Steamboats & railroads

Tuesday January 8 & Wednesday January 9: EdPuzzle - British Agricultural Revolution & Enclosure Movement

Tuesday 12/18:& Weds 12/19  Reading guide PLUS QUIZ: What were the four accomplishments of the early "liberal phase" of the French Revolution: Establish constitutional monarchy, nationalized the church, abolished hereditary rights, The Vendee Revolts demonstrated: parts of the French rural population was more conservative and supported the Catholic church, What was the Levee en Masse? all able body Frenchmen were conscripted into the military, Why was the Levee en Masse unique & popular? Frenchmen would be fighting for the country not a dynasty like the Bourbons, This Women wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women? Olympes de Gouges, Name a right women gained during the French Revolution: easier to get divorced,  Although women participated enthusiastically in the early phases what outcomes resulted? They gained some rights but had them taken away under Napoleon, After the execution of Robespierre came the Thermidorian  Reaction which resulted in? shutting down of Jacobin clubs & the Committee of Public Safety and a move away from radicalism, Why did the crowning of Napoleon as emperor signal an end of the "old order?" He did not come from a significant noble family. What domestic accomplishments did Napoleon institute? A bureaucracy built on merit, no noble rights, made peace with the Catholic church, and established the Napoleonic Code. Why was the Napoleonic Code significant? it provided a uniform system of law and equality under the law, In what ways could Napoleon be scene as despotic?  he abolished freedom of the press and instituted a "secret police" to spy on his people. Describe the concept of "Spreading the Revolution:" countries Napoleon conquered had to abolish noble rights, and institute equality under the law. What was the the "Continental System"? conquered European nations were forbidden from buying British goods, Resentment of the Continental System and rule led to this in the conquered nations? They developed their own sense of nationalism. What ended Napoleon's military dominance? his invasion of Russia. After escaping from the island Elba, this defeat marked the end of the Napoleonic Era?  The Battle of Waterloo  

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Test Thursday 12/13 & Friday 12/14: Worth 3 Grades - Enlightenment, 18 Century Enlightened Absolutism, Economic & Social Revolutions 16th - 18th Century, French Revolution

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Due Thursday Dec. 6 & Friday Dec. 7th: Edpuzzle - French Revolution Quiz French Revolution - What events in 1789 also inspired the French Revolution: George Washington was sworn in under a constitutional republic and the US Bill of Rights was submitted to the states. Define "tithe": a 10% tax on your earnings to the church. The rise of this class would forever change European politics? The middle class. French Revolutionaries often quoted this Enlightenment philosopher? Rousseau. In May of 1789 Louis XVI convened this body for the first time since 1614? The Estates General. The 3rd Estate created this new legislative / governing body? The National Assembly. What did the revolutionaries vow in the Tennis Court Oath? To stick together until a new constitution was written.  This was the name given as riots and estates were destroyed in the countryside and across Europe in the summer of 1789? The Great Fear. During the August 4th night session of the assembly revolutionary nobles & clergy rose up to denounce what? The old order, noble rights, and the tithe. What Declaration of the Rights of Man instituted these principles: natural rights, equality, the general will. What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy do? made clergy elected & paid by salaries and confiscated church land. The Constitution of 1791 created this? A constitutional monarchy. What political power did this give the people?  All men who paid taxes could vote. This political club represented the radical wing of the revolution? The Jacobin. Who became their chief leader and spokesperson? Robespierre. In June 1791 Louis & Marie attempted this ending the "liberal" phase of the revolution? To escape to Austria

Quiz Tuesday Dec. 4th & Weds. Dec. 5th: Who were considered the Enlightened Absolutist Monarchs? Catherine the Great of Russia, Joseph II of Austria, &  Frederick the Great of Prussia. Why were the considered "enlightened"?  They pushed religious toleration, the abolition of serfdom, and some rights. Why were they mostly unsuccessful? The lacked the backing of the nobility. What was the name of the war in which Prussia annexed part of Austria called Silesia? War of Austrian Succession. All three great Eastern powers took over this country in an event called? The Partitions of Poland. The rise of Prime Minster Robert Walpole represented this shift of power? Executive power from the monarchy to parliament. In what ways could the 7 Years War be argued to be the first "world war?" It was fought on three continents: North America, Europe, & Asia.  What three major outcomes came out of the 7 Years war? 1. Britain gained control of North America & India. 2. Both Britain & France racked up major debt. 3. Britain started taxing the American colonies. How else did France get into so much debt? Backing the American colonies in the Revolutionary War. What were the "Three Estates" in France? I. The Clergy, II - the nobility, III - Everyone else. The storming of this represented the start of the French Revolution? The Bastille. What was one reason the French had so much difficulty paying back their debt? The nobility refused to pay taxes. 

Great PDF of Enlightened Absolutism: 

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Thursday November 29th & Friday November 30th: Edpuzzle Enlightened Absolutists PLUS Quiz: Despite the rising secularism of the Enlightenment, this man who created this faith exemplified religion's importance to a large portion of the population (name the man & religion:)  John Wesley & Methodists. What did Cesare Becaria's On Crime's & Punishment criticize? torture & the death penalty.  Define pogroms: massacre's & looting of Jewish communities. This type of art moved from an emphasis of power & religious themes to private life & the public good? Rococo. This type of art returned to ancient Roman & Greek themes with an emphasis on public duty? Neoclassical. Define inflation: the rise in prices while wages are stagnant. In addition to the influx of precious metals many historians blame this is the underlying cause of inflation in Europe from the late 16th through 18th centuries? The rising population. Historians refer to the massive economic expansion associated with colonialism & mercantilism as the? Commercial Revolution. The Bank of Amsterdam & Bank of England provided this for the economy & government of their nations? Credit & stability.  These two companies were some of the first "joint stock companies" and functioned almost as their own states? British & Dutch East India Companies. Define "guilds:" Associations of artisans &  craftsmen who held a monopoly on their industries. Describe the "putting out system": merchants would provide households with raw materials which they would turn into finished goods. What was another name for the "putting out system? Cottage industry. The separation of the state from industry was an early sign of this economic theory? Capitalism

Tuesday & Wednesday November 27 & 28:​ Reading Chapter 29 - 

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Monday & Tuesday 11/19 & 20: Edpuzzle DBQ Part III

Quiz Thursday 11/15 & Friday 11/16: Quiz Enlightenment: What was Montesquieu most famous for? separation of powers & checks and balances. Separation of powers was an attack on what type of government? Absolutism. Locke's ideas of natural rights greatly influenced this document? American Declaration of Independence. Montesquieu's ideas of Separation of Powers greatly influenced this American document? The U.S. Constitution. Where did Rousseau think humans were happiest? In a "state of nature." Rousseau's Social Contract argued that society should be ruled by? The General Will.  Some accused Rousseau of being the? "Father of totalitarian democracy." What did this title imply would happen? States would be run by "mob rule." How was Rousseau's social contract different from Hobbes & Locke's? Hobbes argued the need for absolutism, and Locke for a Constitutional Monarchy.  Define the phrase "popular sovereignty:" the people are the source of government power. Mary Wollstonecraft is famous for criticizing the Enlightened philosophers for what reason? They didn't think women should have the equality & rights that "all men" were entitled to. How did Salons offer women some political & societal influence? They could guide Enlightenment debate by running them. What effect did coffeehouses have on Enlightenment discourse? They provided a forum for members of all classes to debate the issues. How did this group of French economists break with the mercantalist model (name the group and their model)? Physiocrats - argued for free trade with little government interference. This Scottish economist is known for laying the foundation for a free market economy? Adam Smith. In his seminal book The Wealth of Nations, Smith argued that the "invisible hand" would have this effect on the economy? It would determine prices through supply and demand. Define the concept of lasissez-faire espoused by Smith & Enlightened economists: the government should not interfere with the economy. 

Tuesday 11/13 & Wednesday 11/14​ Read Chapter 18 & complete reading guide below

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Monday 11/12: Edpuzzle Tom Richey How to Write a DBQ Part II

Thursday November 8th & Friday November 9th: Test worth 3 grades - Wars of Religion - 30 Years War, Absolutism, Glorious Revolution, Scientific Revolution - AP Style multiple choice - flash cards below (contain more information than you will need- IF WE HAVEN'T covered IT- you won't be tested on it!)

Tuesday Nov 6 (yes I know there's no school but edpuzzle still works:) & Wednesday Nov 7: Complete the Edpuzzle on the Enlightenment

Monday November 5th: Edpuzzle Tom Richey's How to Write a DBQ Part I

Quiz Thursday November 1 & Friday Nov 2: Identify the Age of Enlightenment: an intellectual & philosophical movement throughout the 18th century, What issues did Enlightenment philosophers focus on? Political, social, & ethical. How did they think they could find solutions to these issues? Through reasoning. Which two scientists & philosophers did many of the Enlightenment thinkers look up to? John Locke & Sir Issac Newton. Explain John Locke's Tabula Rasa theory? All humans were born with a blank slate and shaped by their environments & experiences.  How did the Age of Exploration influence the Age of Enlightenment? philosophers looked at other civilizations and questioned their own. What was Voltaire most known for? ideas on freedom of religion & speech. Where was Voltaire exiled to in which he very much admired and wrote about? England. Many Enlightenment believed is this "religious" philosophy based on Newton's "world machine" in which God created the universe, but had direct involvement in individual life? Deism. What was Diderot most famous for? His set of Encyclopedias. How did many philosophers avoid government censors? by printing in the Netherlands or under pseudonyms. What two concepts was John Locke known for? Natural rights & the Social Contract. What did John Locke think the purpose of governments was? to protect life, liberty, & property. 

ch_17_reading_guide_2015.docx
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Due Tuesday October 30 & Wednesday October 31, Chapter 17 guided reading!! AS WELL AS QUIZ -  Scientific Revolution, Copernicus, heliocentric theory, Galileo, anatomy, Vesalius, William Harvey, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, empiricism, Descartes, Sir Francis Bacon

Tuesday October 23rd & Wednesday October 23rd: Complete Edpuzzle on the Scientific Revolution

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Friday October 19th & Monday October 22nd: complete the reading guide for Chapter 16

Quiz October Weds October 17th & Thursday October 18th: Worth 2 Grades - How did political theorist Jean Bodin define absolutism? the power to make & enforce laws, administer justice, & establish foreign policy. Four ways to be an absolute ruler: ​bureaucracy, large army, taxes, religious unity. This man helped Louis XIII control the nobility and establish a bureaucracy?  Cardinal Richelieu. Louis the XIII & IV's policy of selling certain bureaucratic positions created this class? The "Robe Nobility" The original dynastic nobles were known as? Sword Nobility. These series of revolts in which the Sword Nobility rose up opposing new taxes were known as? The Fronde Wars. Gathering and distracting all of the nobles at Versailles produced this effect? consolidated power & negated the power of the power of the nobility.  Louis XIV relied on these non-noble to carry out his absolutist policies? The intendants. Louis's chief financial adviser was known for this type of economic policy? Mercantilism. What was his name? Colbert How did he accomplish his mercantile goals? state sponsored businesses, tariffs, subsidies. The English Civil War was fought between? The King & Parliament. The execution of this king demonstrated the shift of power to the Parliamentarians? Charles I. Why did many support "restoration" of the Stuart Monarchy? The government under Oliver Cromwell had become much like a military dictatorship. Why did the nobility invite William of Orange and Mary Stuart to take over the monarchy? They feared a return of a Catholic monarchy. William & Mary were forced to submit to this document? The English Bill of Rights. This moment was known as? The Glorious Revolution. This "revolution" helped create this type of government in England? A constitutional monarchy 

Thursday October 11th & Friday October 12th: edpuzzle on Louis XIV 2nd half or reading guide for Chapter 15 if you haven't already turned it in. 

Due Tuesday October 9th & Wednesday October 10th: 2nd half of reading guide (CAN BE TURNED IN EITHER BEFORE OR AFTER PSATS - if you REALLY feel you need to study for it) BUT  edpuzzle on 30 years War

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Due Thursday October 4th & Friday October 5th: Complete half of the reading guide for Chapter 15 below (as well as PDF of the chapter. PLUS QUIZ ON 30 YEARS WAR: List the four phases of the war, What was the "defenestration of Prague?", How did Catholic General Albrecht von Wallenstein introduce "total war"?, What impact did Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus have?, What was odd about the side that France joined in this "final religious war?", Why was this conflict considered part of the "military revolution?", What impact did new military technologies have on governments?, What was the name of the peace treaty of the 30 Years War? List 3 outcomes of the 30 years war. 

Quiz Tuesday October 2nd & Wednesday October 3rd: Age of Exploration -  center of trade shifts from Mediterranean to Atlantic Seaboard, motivations for exploring, monarchs sponsored voyages to expand their political & economic base, Xavier - Jesuit missionary, religion as justification for subjugation of indigenous people, "glory" = Renaissance individualism, Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal down the coast of Africa, Dias, Vasco de Gama, Treaty of Tordisillas, new navigational technologies, guns and horses, Conquistadors, Cortes - Aztec Empire,  Pizaro - Inca, disease, Magellan, sugar cane, Middle Passage, Planter Society, Triangular Trade, Colombian Exchange, Goods from New world to Europe, Goods from Europe to New World, impacts of Age of Exploration, mercantilism

Thursday September 27 & Friday September 28 - Test on everything we have learned except the Age of Exploration - Study your notes, textbook, and prep-book. I've also placed flashcards below. 

02_-_the_renaissance.pdf
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04_-_the_reformation.pdf
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05_-_the_wars_of_religion.pdf
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Due Tuesday September 25 & Wednesday September 26: Complete the Edpuzzle on Exploring the Americas. 

Thursday September 20 & Friday September 21: complete pages 3 - 5 of reading guide for chapter 14 QUIZ - How can the English Reformation be considered a "top-down" or magisterial reformation?, Describe the 3 dynastic forces in the French War of Religion? Valois - moderate Catholic / politique,  Bourbon/Navarre - Huguenot (Calvinist), Guise - ultra-Catholic, How did the "politques" want the government run? Secularized, This event in which the Guise family convinced Catherine de Medici to rid themselves of the leading Huguenots politically backfired? Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, Give examples of the Catholic Church trying to stop the flow of the Protestant Reformation: Index of Prohibited books, Roman Inquisition, This organization helped turn the Catholic Church into an "activist" faith? The Jesuits, What were the main goals of the Jesuits? Education, missionary work, reconverting old Catholics, Describe the Edict of Nantes, Due to economic & religious troubles Philip II did what the Spanish Netherlands? taxed & increased the Spanish inquisition, Describe the provinces of the Netherlands stance on religion: tolerant & moderate, William of Orange combined the Northern Provinces in a guerrilla war against the Spanish in a confederation known as? the Union of Utrecht, This event helped solidify England as the most powerful Protestant state at the time? the defeat of the Spanish Armada 

Tuesday September 18 & Wednesday September 19: complete pages 1 & 2 of reading guide of Chapter 14 below:

ch_14_reading_guide_2015.rtf.docx
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age_of_reformation_outline.docx
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Thursday September 13 & Friday September 14: Edpuzzle on the French Wars of Religion & Quiz: Quiz open response: What were the effects of the "New Monarch?" - they weakened the power of the aristocracy and centralized their authority, Who did Queen Isabella torture in the Spanish Inquisition? Muslims and Jews, Where did Charles V rule? Holy Roman Empire and Spain, Why was Charles V unable to stop Lutheranism? He was too busy fighting wars, What did the Peace of Augsburg 1555 produce? German princes could decide the religion of the principality, What is it called when the reformation was pushed by monarchs and princes? Magisterial Reform, What was the name of Church of England founded under Henry VIII? Anglican Church, While there was not much "reform" under Henry there was under his son named? Edward VII, This book issued by Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer established how the Church of England would worship? Book of Common Prayer, What did King Henry's first daughter institute after she became queen?  Re-instituted Catholicism,  Why was she given the nickname "Bloody Mary?" she executed many Protestant "heretics," Who returned England to Protestantism? Elizabeth I

Tuesday September 11 & Wednesday September 12: Finish reading guide for Chapter 13 pages 4 - 8

ch_13_reading_guide_2015.rtf.docx
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reading_-_chapter_13.pdf
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Thursday September 6th & Friday September 7th: Reading Guide finish pages 1 - 3 Chapter 13 - Quiz!!: Martin Luther - 95 Thesis, Sale of Indulgences, Why Pope Leo selling indulgences?, nepotism, Vulgate, focus of Northern Renaissance, Erasmus, Sir Thomas Moore, Luther's Sola Fide, Sola Scriptura, Priesthood of All Believers, Diet of Worms, The Peasants War / Revolt, Calvin's Doctrines, Theocracy, Iconoclasm, Anabaptists, 

Tuesday September 4th & Wednesday September 5th: complete the Edpuzzleedpuzzle.com/ on Martin Luther - Also have read Chapter 13. Be prepared for quiz!

Thursday & Friday August 30 & 31: Complete guided notes on Part II of Chapter 12 (below) MUST BE HAND WRITTEN and study for a quiz on the Italian Renaissance based on your notes and reading guides (worth 2 grades) with AP style multiple choice questions

guided_reading_renaissance_hw_part_ii.docx
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Tuesday August 28 & Wednesday August 29: Create Edpuzzle account in your full name Period 4 code: ziowlak Period 5 code bujepbu- & complete assignment on the Renaissance - watch video and answer questions

Read Chapter 12: 1.cdn.edl.io/82sRe77olmKjH1GnIu5cljsuiirZ9ZMYYfsHnAuXx2ScZz0l.p

Due Friday August 24 & Monday August 27: Complete the "reading guide" below. MUST BE HAND WRITTEN! Be prepared for a quiz on the material

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